{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204092553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","title":"Small Footprint, Big Intelligence! SAGE: Agentic Governance for Energy-Aware, High-Performance LLMOps","display_name":"Small Footprint, Big Intelligence! SAGE: Agentic Governance for Energy-Aware, High-Performance LLMOps","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204092553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089195","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (BDAI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 9th International Conference on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (BDAI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034407553","display_name":"Fatima Rani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3753-3778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3753-3778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Rani","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUD Dresden University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUD Dresden University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138277599","display_name":"Soham Saha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soham Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Nanoelectronics, TUD Dresden University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Nanoelectronics, TUD Dresden University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010132203","display_name":"Pit Hofmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-6017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-6017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pit Hofmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUD Dresden University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUD Dresden University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125982293","display_name":"Juan A. Cabrera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan A. Cabrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUD Dresden University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUD Dresden University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023936439","display_name":"Frank H. P. Fitzek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8469-9573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8469-9573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank H. P. Fitzek","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUD Dresden University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUD Dresden University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"198","last_page":"203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14098","display_name":"Energy Efficiency in Computing","score":0.13940000534057617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llmops","display_name":"LLMOps","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agentic-ai","display_name":"agentic AI","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-agents","display_name":"autonomous agents","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint","display_name":"carbon footprint","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-computing","display_name":"green computing","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/responsible-ai","display_name":"responsible AI","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"resource allocation","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-agent-coordination","display_name":"inter-agent coordination","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sdg-7","display_name":"Sustainable Development Goal 7","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sdg-9","display_name":"SDG 9","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sdg-13","display_name":"SDG 13","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"edge computing","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-serving","display_name":"model serving","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop-feedback","display_name":"closed-loop feedback","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-auditing","display_name":"environmental auditing","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-governance","display_name":"AI governance","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"cost reduction","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2720000147819519}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089195","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (BDAI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 9th International Conference on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (BDAI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bdai70753.2026.11655118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089195","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (BDAI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 9th International Conference on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (BDAI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388918642","https://openalex.org/W7164001806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7211897711","https://openalex.org/W7134190461","https://openalex.org/W7218477422","https://openalex.org/W7212976964","https://openalex.org/W7134182361","https://openalex.org/W7134199012","https://openalex.org/W7213904514","https://openalex.org/W7103894706","https://openalex.org/W7216209790","https://openalex.org/W7171543713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,125,178,342,360],"rapid":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,77,288,324,353],"Large":[4],"Language":[5],"Models":[6],"(LLMs)":[7],"has":[8],"introduced":[9],"critical":[10],"operational":[11,80,176],"and":[12,18,24,43,50,52,64,82,115,146,159,170,197,213,229,247,260,292,329,339],"environmental":[13,83,111,189],"challenges,":[14],"as":[15,132,186,313],"model":[16,153],"training":[17],"inference":[19,211],"consume":[20],"enormous":[21],"computational":[22,199],"resources":[23],"generate":[25],"substantial":[26],"carbon":[27,217],"emissions":[28],"that":[29,136,193,274,332],"conflict":[30],"with":[31,108,318],"the":[32,67,120,128,181,253,262,350],"United":[33],"Nations":[34],"Sustainable":[35],"Development":[36],"Goals":[37],"(SDGs),":[38],"particularly":[39],"SDG":[40,46,53],"7":[41],"(Affordable":[42],"Clean":[44],"Energy),":[45],"9":[47],"(Industry,":[48],"Innovation":[49],"Infrastructure),":[51],"13":[54,230],"(Climate":[55],"Action).":[56],"However,":[57],"LLMOps":[58,283],"workflows":[59],"remain":[60],"largely":[61],"manual,":[62],"fragmented,":[63],"reactive,":[65,175],"while":[66],"Artificial":[68],"Intelligence":[69],"(AI)":[70],"industry":[71],"lacks":[72],"autonomous,":[73],"intelligent":[74],"systems":[75],"capable":[76],"self-governing":[78],"both":[79,240],"efficiency":[81,200],"accountability":[84],"in":[85,101,279,284,336,355],"real":[86],"time.":[87],"This":[88],"work":[89],"presents":[90],"SAGE":[91,236,295],"(Sustainable":[92],"Agentic":[93],"Governance":[94],"Engine),":[95],"a":[96,163,299,314,322,345],"novel":[97],"dual-agentic":[98],"AI":[99,183,286,331],"framework":[100,343],"which":[102],"two":[103],"purpose-built":[104],"autonomous":[105,134,188],"agents":[106,241],"operating":[107],"goal-directed":[109],"reasoning,":[110],"perception,":[112],"adaptive":[113],"decision-making,":[114],"inter-agent":[116],"coordination":[117],"collaboratively":[118],"govern":[119],"entire":[121],"LLM":[122,311],"deployment":[123,352],"lifecycle.":[124],"first":[126],"agent,":[127,180],"Optimization":[129,263],"Agent,":[130,184],"functions":[131],"an":[133,187,269,304],"orchestrator":[135],"continuously":[137],"perceives":[138],"pipeline":[139,151,348],"states,":[140],"reasons":[141],"over":[142],"resource":[143,157,265],"utilization":[144,215],"patterns,":[145],"executes":[147],"self-optimizing":[148],"actions":[149],"for":[150,191,349],"tuning,":[152],"serving":[154],"configurations,":[155],"dynamic":[156],"allocation,":[158],"cost":[160],"reduction":[161],"through":[162,231],"closed-loop":[164],"feedback":[165],"mechanism":[166],"eliminating":[167],"human-in-theloop":[168],"bottlenecks":[169],"enabling":[171],"proactive,":[172],"rather":[173],"than":[174],"governance.":[177],"second":[179],"Green":[182],"operates":[185],"auditor":[190],"LLMs":[192,354],"independently":[194],"instruments,":[195],"collects,":[196],"evaluates":[198],"indicators":[201],"including":[202],"FLOPs,":[203],"energy":[204],"consumption":[205],"(kWh),":[206],"latency":[207],"at":[208],"P50/P95,":[209],"throughput,":[210],"speed,":[212],"CPU/GPU/RAM":[214],"alongside":[216],"footprint$(\\text{CO}_{2}$.":[218],"emissions)":[219],"externalities,":[220],"autonomously":[221],"mapping":[222],"these":[223],"metrics":[224],"against":[225],"SDGs":[226],"7,":[227],"9,":[228],"standardized":[232],"sustainability":[233,256,297],"scoring.":[234],"Critically,":[235],"agentic":[237,285,325],"architecture":[238],"enables":[239],"to":[242],"communicate,":[243],"share":[244],"contextual":[245],"state,":[246],"trigger":[248],"cross-agent":[249],"optimization":[250],"loops":[251],"whereby":[252],"benchmarking":[254],"agent's":[255],"assessments":[257],"directly":[258],"inform":[259],"constrain":[261],"Agent's":[264],"allocation":[266],"decisions,":[267],"creating":[268],"emergent,":[270],"co-adaptive":[271],"governance":[272,308],"system":[273],"neither":[275],"agent":[276],"could":[277],"achieve":[278],"isolation.":[280],"By":[281],"grounding":[282],"principles":[287],"autonomy,":[289],"reactivity,":[290],"proactivity,":[291],"social":[293],"coordination,":[294],"transforms":[296],"from":[298],"post-hoc":[300],"audit":[301],"concern":[302],"into":[303],"embedded,":[305],"agent-driven,":[306],"real-time":[307],"mechanism,":[309],"reframing":[310],"operations":[312],"socio-technical":[315],"responsibility":[316],"aligned":[317],"global":[319],"climate":[320],"commitments,":[321],"convergence":[323],"AI,":[326],"sustainable":[327],"computing,":[328],"responsible":[330,351],"remains":[333],"significantly":[334],"underexplored":[335],"current":[337],"academic":[338],"industrial":[340],"research.":[341],"provides":[344],"reproducible,":[346],"scalable":[347],"realworld,":[356],"resource-constrained":[357],"edge":[358],"environments.":[359],"pitch":[361],"can":[362],"be":[363],"found":[364],"here:":[365],"https://fatimarani.github.io/SAGE/":[366]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}