{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204082097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178430","title":"An Integrated Fault Localization and Diagnosis Method for NPP Temperature Sensor Systems Based on Abnormal Feature-GCN","display_name":"An Integrated Fault Localization and Diagnosis Method for NPP Temperature Sensor Systems Based on Abnormal Feature-GCN","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204082097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16178430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178430","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhan Xing","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270881","display_name":"Nuclear Power Institute of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01fz94q82","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270881"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhan Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor Technology, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor Technology, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111145678","display_name":"Xinfeng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1445-2382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1445-2382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinfeng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1445-2382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114860617","display_name":"Xiaowu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-9225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-9225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080783970","display_name":"Runyong Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270881","display_name":"Nuclear Power Institute of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01fz94q82","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270881"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runyong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor Technology, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor Technology, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270881"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114860617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"8430","last_page":"8430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-localization","display_name":"fault location","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-diagnosis","display_name":"fault diagnosis","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-power-plants","display_name":"nuclear power plants","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-sensors","display_name":"temperature sensors","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condition-monitoring","display_name":"condition monitoring","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-neural-networks","display_name":"graph neural networks","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"adaptive principal component analysis","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-task-learning","display_name":"multi-task learning","score":0.9319999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5853000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5534999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5386999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21267803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438159","display_name":"Fault indicator","level":4,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779979336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134447","display_name":"Nuclear power plant","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16178430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a9391eadf3694b9db84c31129e165aa1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a9391eadf3694b9db84c31129e165aa1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 8430 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16178430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1119764136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62503087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025120847","https://openalex.org/W2606608332","https://openalex.org/W2889860550","https://openalex.org/W2891324467","https://openalex.org/W2895419864","https://openalex.org/W2902441819","https://openalex.org/W2919928484","https://openalex.org/W2981386789","https://openalex.org/W3001416520","https://openalex.org/W3085390039","https://openalex.org/W3195891501","https://openalex.org/W4307964960","https://openalex.org/W4311759245","https://openalex.org/W4388903514","https://openalex.org/W4391504657","https://openalex.org/W4392294128","https://openalex.org/W4392936067","https://openalex.org/W4396907199","https://openalex.org/W4400026434","https://openalex.org/W4400032923","https://openalex.org/W4401026404","https://openalex.org/W4410019889","https://openalex.org/W4411684262","https://openalex.org/W4412404002","https://openalex.org/W4413157700","https://openalex.org/W4413439492","https://openalex.org/W4413480392","https://openalex.org/W4415979945","https://openalex.org/W4417302446","https://openalex.org/W7128373312","https://openalex.org/W7128381833","https://openalex.org/W7164526731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888172734","https://openalex.org/W4390577538","https://openalex.org/W4412346671","https://openalex.org/W2783617275","https://openalex.org/W1997008862","https://openalex.org/W2770486376","https://openalex.org/W2891324467","https://openalex.org/W3195891501","https://openalex.org/W3085390039","https://openalex.org/W4391504657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Temperature":[0],"sensor":[1,98,147],"systems":[2],"are":[3,23,105],"critical":[4],"for":[5,83,127,181],"nuclear":[6,143],"power":[7],"plant":[8],"(NPP)":[9],"condition":[10],"monitoring,":[11],"whose":[12],"reliability":[13],"underpins":[14],"unit":[15],"safety":[16],"and":[17,21,35,49,71,87,136,152,163,179],"stability.":[18],"Fault":[19],"localization":[20,86,162],"diagnosis":[22],"essential":[24],"to":[25,47,58,77,111,131],"sustain":[26],"their":[27],"stable":[28],"service.":[29],"Conventional":[30],"Principal":[31],"Component":[32],"Analysis":[33],"(PCA)":[34],"Graph":[36],"Neural":[37],"Network":[38],"(GNN)":[39],"methods":[40],"suffer":[41],"clear":[42],"drawbacks:":[43],"PCA":[44,92],"is":[45,119],"vulnerable":[46],"noise":[48],"cannot":[50],"classify":[51],"fault":[52,85,138,161],"types":[53],"accurately,":[54],"while":[55],"GNNs":[56],"struggle":[57],"quantify":[59],"correlations":[60],"among":[61],"temperature":[62,146],"data.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"fuses":[66],"PCA\u2019s":[67],"anomaly":[68],"representation":[69],"capability":[70],"GNN\u2019s":[72],"structural":[73],"feature":[74],"extraction":[75],"capacity":[76],"propose":[78],"an":[79,90],"Abnormal":[80],"Feature-GCN":[81],"method":[82,158,172],"joint":[84,124],"diagnosis.":[88],"First,":[89],"Adaptive":[91],"(APCA)":[93],"model":[94],"fed":[95],"with":[96],"multi-dimensional":[97],"features":[99,104],"computes":[100],"abnormal":[101],"features.":[102],"These":[103],"then":[106],"transformed":[107],"into":[108],"edge":[109],"weights":[110],"construct":[112],"a":[113,123,142],"weighted":[114],"graph.":[115],"A":[116],"dual-branch":[117],"GCN":[118],"finally":[120],"trained":[121],"via":[122],"loss":[125],"function":[126],"parallel":[128],"multi-task":[129],"learning":[130],"simultaneously":[132],"locate":[133],"faulty":[134],"sensors":[135],"identify":[137],"types.":[139],"Validated":[140],"on":[141],"primary":[144],"circuit":[145],"system":[148],"under":[149],"constant-,":[150],"rising-,":[151],"falling-temperature":[153],"working":[154,185],"conditions,":[155,186],"the":[156,170,182],"proposed":[157,171],"realizes":[159],"accurate":[160],"classification.":[164],"The":[165],"mean":[166],"overall":[167],"accuracy":[168],"of":[169],"surpasses":[173],"mainstream":[174],"baselines":[175],"by":[176],"2.23%,":[177],"1.62%,":[178],"1.89%":[180],"three":[183],"typical":[184],"respectively.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}