{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204076404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.19.745824","title":"Developmental Changes in Gray Matter Microstructure and Local Brain Connectivity Support Inhibitory Control from Adolescence to Young Adulthood","display_name":"Developmental Changes in Gray Matter Microstructure and Local Brain Connectivity Support Inhibitory Control from Adolescence to Young Adulthood","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204076404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.19.745824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.19.745824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.19.745824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.19.745824","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/24/2026.08.19.745824.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/24/2026.08.19.745824.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092043926","display_name":"Victoria O Dionisos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5157-0505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5157-0505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Victoria O. Dionisos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5157-0505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070905064","display_name":"Valerie J. Sydnor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-668X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-668X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie J. Sydnor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-668X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012771913","display_name":"Will Foran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-9798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-9798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will Foran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-9798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051949605","display_name":"Finnegan J. Calabro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-3942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-3942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Finnegan J. Calabro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-3942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039502579","display_name":"Beatr\u00edz Luna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9929-2458","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9929-2458","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9509-6663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz Luna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9929-2458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092043926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.6118000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.6118000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.1956000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.1826999932527542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhibitory-control","display_name":"inhibitory control","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray-matter-microstructure","display_name":"gray matter microstructure","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescence","display_name":"adolescence","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-development","display_name":"brain development","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurite-density-index","display_name":"neurite density index","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-homogeneity","display_name":"regional homogeneity","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antisaccade-task","display_name":"antisaccade task","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-pruning","display_name":"synaptic pruning","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myelination","display_name":"myelination","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-changes","display_name":"age-related changes","score":0.30300000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778399782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2124069","display_name":"Synaptic pruning","level":4,"score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.744700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149550507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899360","display_name":"Diffusion MRI","level":3,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50231774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639842","display_name":"Brain mapping","level":2,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777670902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038","display_name":"Human brain","level":2,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780196419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762173","display_name":"Nerve net","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781192897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q822050","display_name":"White matter","level":3,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113246987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1534415","display_name":"Neurite","level":3,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778796910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6033829","display_name":"Inhibitory control","level":3,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993830578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370791","display_name":"Early adulthood","level":3,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778609137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105790271","display_name":"Myelin","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200134340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845664","display_name":"Voxel-based morphometry","level":4,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166275286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190095","display_name":"Gray (unit)","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66324658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Resting state fMRI","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018011982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Functional connectivity","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45715564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292103","display_name":"Connectome","level":3,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984223407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345738","display_name":"Brain development","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185323287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59252204","display_name":"Neuregulin","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.19.745824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.19.745824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.19.745824","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/24/2026.08.19.745824.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.19.745824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.19.745824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.19.745824","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/24/2026.08.19.745824.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310174","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332530","display_name":"Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204076404.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204076404.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095545423","https://openalex.org/W2969833038","https://openalex.org/W2025651860","https://openalex.org/W3039755593","https://openalex.org/W2156745809","https://openalex.org/W2210063156","https://openalex.org/W7150233432","https://openalex.org/W2528571485","https://openalex.org/W6922368882","https://openalex.org/W1011829292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Adolescence":[2],"is":[3],"marked":[4],"by":[5],"improvements":[6],"in":[7,46,80,82,140,182,201,242,247],"inhibitory":[8,108,183,265,312],"control":[9,266],"along":[10],"with":[11,70,153,189,199,211],"brain":[12],"maturational":[13],"processes":[14,51],"affecting":[15],"function":[16],"and":[17,41,56,128,147,155,160,178,216,256,297],"structure":[18],"of":[19,28,35,73,107,136,176,272,294,300,309],"cortical":[20,177],"circuitry.":[21],"Preliminary":[22],"evidence":[23],"shows":[24],"a":[25,33,104,113,118,174],"developmental":[26],"decrease":[27],"local":[29,36,150,280,301],"neuronal":[30],"inputs,":[31],"suggesting":[32,227,284],"weakening":[34],"connectivity":[37,152,281],"supporting":[38],"circuit":[39],"refinement":[40],"mature":[42,87],"behavior.":[43],"Microstructural":[44],"changes":[45],"gray":[47,141],"matter,":[48],"arising":[49],"from":[50],"such":[52,268],"as":[53,110,112,185,187],"synaptic":[54],"pruning":[55],"myelination,":[57],"may":[58,233],"support":[59,86,306],"this":[60,78,92],"refinement,":[61],"though":[62],"it":[63],"remains":[64],"unknown":[65],"how":[66,77],"microstructural":[67,229,295],"features":[68],"interact":[69,304],"the":[71,270,276,291,307],"reconfiguration":[72],"functional":[74,151,235,302],"circuitry,":[75],"or":[76],"unfolds":[79],"vivo":[81],"normative":[83],"development":[84],"to":[85,305],"cognitive":[88],"functioning.":[89],"Methods":[90],"In":[91],"study,":[93],"175":[94],"participants":[95],"ages":[96],"10-26":[97],"(93F;":[98],"17.32\u00b14.82yo)":[99],"completed":[100],"an":[101,252],"anti-saccade":[102,190,214,249],"task,":[103],"developmentally-validated":[105],"measure":[106,261],"control,":[109,184],"well":[111,186],"3T":[114],"MRI":[115],"scan":[116],"involving":[117],"multi-shell":[119],"diffusion":[120],"weighted":[121],"imaging":[122],"acquisition,":[123],"multi-echo":[124],"resting":[125],"state":[126],"fMRI,":[127],"structural":[129],"(T1w,":[130],"T2w)":[131],"scans.":[132],"We":[133,193],"computed":[134],"measures":[135],"neurite":[137,144,273],"density":[138,148,274],"(NDI)":[139],"matter":[142],"using":[143,163],"orientation":[145],"dispersion":[146],"imaging,":[149],"surface-based":[154],"volumetric":[156],"regional":[157],"homogeneity":[158],"(ReHo),":[159],"intracortical":[161],"myelin":[162],"T1w/T2w":[164,225],"ratio.":[165],"Generalized":[166],"additive":[167],"models":[168],"examined":[169],"non-linear":[170],"age-related":[171],"trends":[172],"across":[173],"number":[175],"subcortical":[179],"regions":[180,203],"implicated":[181],"associations":[188],"performance.":[191,250],"Results":[192],"found":[194],"that":[195,228,269,290],"NDI":[196,208,223],"significantly":[197],"increased":[198],"age":[200],"all":[202],"while":[204],"ReHo":[205,255],"decreased.":[206],"Greater":[207],"was":[209,282],"associated":[210,298],"more":[212],"accurate":[213],"performance":[215],"lower":[217],"ReHo,":[218,240],"which":[219],"remained":[220],"after":[221],"residualizing":[222],"for":[224],"ratio,":[226],"reorganization":[230],"beyond":[231],"myelination":[232],"underlie":[234],"specialization":[236,299],"throughout":[237],"adolescence.":[238],"Lower":[239],"specifically":[241],"young":[243],"adolescents,":[244],"also":[245],"resulted":[246],"better":[248],"Finally,":[251],"interaction":[253],"between":[254],"NDI,":[257],"rather":[258],"than":[259],"either":[260],"alone,":[262],"best":[263],"predicted":[264],"performance,":[267],"maturity":[271],"had":[275],"greatest":[277],"effect":[278],"when":[279],"high,":[283],"immaturity.":[285],"Conclusions":[286],"Our":[287],"results":[288],"suggest":[289],"joint":[292],"maturation":[293],"elements":[296],"circuitry":[303],"emergence":[308],"stable":[310],"adult-level":[311],"control.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}