{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204073812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-026-02945-z","title":"Extended components of little red dots in the rest-frame optical","display_name":"Extended components of little red dots in the rest-frame optical","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204073812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-026-02945-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41550-026-02945-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-026-02945-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-026-02945-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764494557","display_name":"Nature Astronomy","issn_l":"2397-3366","issn":["2397-3366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Astronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7884438/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767993","display_name":"Yiyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-1149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-1149","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8707-023X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8707-023X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003685175","display_name":"Xuheng Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-2148","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-2148"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuheng Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-2148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007891250","display_name":"Lilan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-880X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-880X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lilan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China","Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-880X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072396386","display_name":"Erini Lambrides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-7190","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-7190"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erini Lambrides","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-7190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017773375","display_name":"Hollis B. Akins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-8794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-8794"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hollis Akins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086140112","display_name":"Andrew J Battisti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-2285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-2285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160376","display_name":"International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd1pp77","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I205640436","https://openalex.org/I4210160376"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Battisti","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia","Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I4210160376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australian Capital Territory, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051114623","display_name":"Caitlin M. Casey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-6466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-6466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlin M. Casey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) https://cosmicdawn.dk/","Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) https://cosmicdawn.dk/","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147972711","display_name":"Chang-hao Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China","Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085798824","display_name":"Isabella G. Cox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-794X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-794X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isa Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089805698","display_name":"Andreas L. Faisst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-9832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-9832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167273","display_name":"Infrared Processing and Analysis Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05q79g396","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I4210167273"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Faisst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-9832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I4210167273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070040151","display_name":"Maximilien Franco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-8599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-8599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilien Franco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119757468","display_name":"Aryana Haghjoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3071-7143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3071-7143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aryana Haghjoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054184482","display_name":"Luis C. Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-5846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-5846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis C. Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China","Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-5846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123159117","display_name":"Kohei Inayoshi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kohei Inayoshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021111624","display_name":"Shuowen Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-7951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-7951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570579","display_name":"DTU Space","ror":"https://ror.org/01cyz3n15","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4396570579","https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuowen Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) https://cosmicdawn.dk/","DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-7951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) https://cosmicdawn.dk/","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4396570579","https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011089656","display_name":"Mitchell Karmen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-8670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-8670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell Karmen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-8670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043083140","display_name":"Anton M. Koekemoer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-2048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-2048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297127228","display_name":"Space Telescope Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036f5mx38","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297127228","https://openalex.org/I1313867356"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton M. Koekemoer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-2048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297127228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086020534","display_name":"Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-3605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-3605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-3605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000440395","display_name":"Kai Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-5994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-5994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020769111","display_name":"G. Gozaliasl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-919X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-919X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghassem Gozaliasl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-919X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009242557","display_name":"Masafusa Onoue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-6803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-6803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166644833","display_name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe","ror":"https://ror.org/02chw6z69","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I4405286593","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286593","display_name":"The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv89k94","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286593","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287068","display_name":"Waseda Institute for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/04177mr72","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194","https://openalex.org/I4405287068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masafusa Onoue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan","Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-6803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I4405286593","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194","https://openalex.org/I4405287068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022718410","display_name":"Vasily Kokorev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5588-9156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5588-9156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasily Kokorev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078013890","display_name":"Namrata Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-8846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-8846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namrata Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047482798","display_name":"Robert Michael Rich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-8387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-8387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Michael Rich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-8387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024335460","display_name":"John D. Silverman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-6977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-6977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166644833","display_name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe","ror":"https://ror.org/02chw6z69","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I4405286593","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John D. Silverman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","Center for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089406918","display_name":"Takumi S. Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4742-7060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4742-7060"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166644833","display_name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe","ror":"https://ror.org/02chw6z69","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I4405286593","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takumi S. Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031646132","display_name":"Bei You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-063X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-063X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bei You","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-063X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041844526","display_name":"Hassen M. Yesuf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-9145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-9145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassen M. Yesuf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-9145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024515345","display_name":"Jorge A. Zavala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-1100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-1100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge A. Zavala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":34,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003685175","https://openalex.org/A5007891250"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764","https://openalex.org/I173759888","https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.2659,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99635685,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"9","first_page":"1387","last_page":"1397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/little-red-dots","display_name":"Little Red Dots","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-redshift-galaxies","display_name":"high-redshift galaxies","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-emission","display_name":"extended emission","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-stacking","display_name":"image stacking","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-mass","display_name":"stellar mass","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-mass","display_name":"black hole mass","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy-co-evolution","display_name":"galaxy co-evolution","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy-growth","display_name":"galaxy growth","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jwst-nircam","display_name":"JWST NIRCam","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmos-web","display_name":"COSMOS-Web","score":0.9340000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7383000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7325000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.73089998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778623024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436016","display_name":"Stellar population","level":4,"score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168589115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079618","display_name":"Stellar mass","level":4,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50425793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575187","display_name":"Spectral energy distribution","level":3,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174802034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995140","display_name":"Galaxy formation and evolution","level":3,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126691448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2028919","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96141758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216817","display_name":"Emission spectrum","level":3,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110472602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6472","display_name":"Stellar evolution","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135041427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83373","display_name":"Quasar","level":3,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776798109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27896171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890809","display_name":"Optical depth","level":3,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134222618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713132","display_name":"Mass distribution","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10767094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854155","display_name":"Bulge","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41550-026-02945-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-026-02945-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-026-02945-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764494557","display_name":"Nature Astronomy","issn_l":"2397-3366","issn":["2397-3366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Astronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7884438/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7884438/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7884438/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7884438/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.25830","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25830","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.25830","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.25830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.25830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.25830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7884438/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7884438/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7884438/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7884438/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1234187765","display_name":"Reconstruction of the climatic changes from borehole temperature and tree rings in the Kamchatka Peninsula","funder_award_id":"12573015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3489712154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12573017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3963932188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP25KJ0750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4283570424","display_name":"Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)","funder_award_id":"DNRF140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320943","funder_display_name":"Danmarks Grundforskningsfond"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4485681926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFC2207400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4673423103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","funder_display_name":"Villum Fonden"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4863782507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DNRF140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","funder_display_name":"Villum Fonden"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5270046055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12222302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G551232673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFF0503401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G579566091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12233001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5888712279","display_name":"Probing the origin of supermassive black holes with Subaru Telescope, JWST, and Euclid","funder_award_id":"24K22894","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6342778491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMS-CSST-2025-A09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6566560534","display_name":"\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30af\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u2015\u305d\u306e\u578b\u614b\u3068\u6a5f\u80fd\u2015","funder_award_id":"13160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6877934016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W2532003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7328853082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12573015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","display_name":"Villum Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/007ww2d15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320943","display_name":"Danmarks Grundforskningsfond","ror":"https://ror.org/00znyv691"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204073812.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204073812.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1626366853","https://openalex.org/W2093697839","https://openalex.org/W2124811735","https://openalex.org/W2158528198","https://openalex.org/W2772961215","https://openalex.org/W2904991375","https://openalex.org/W2981489364","https://openalex.org/W2984423540","https://openalex.org/W2990893828","https://openalex.org/W3113212670","https://openalex.org/W3214314358","https://openalex.org/W4310604986","https://openalex.org/W4320498734","https://openalex.org/W4361003486","https://openalex.org/W4382319020","https://openalex.org/W4384525021","https://openalex.org/W4385240473","https://openalex.org/W4386969571","https://openalex.org/W4387955803","https://openalex.org/W4389330439","https://openalex.org/W4391679753","https://openalex.org/W4391823713","https://openalex.org/W4392553965","https://openalex.org/W4392768687","https://openalex.org/W4393006589","https://openalex.org/W4394719938","https://openalex.org/W4396673291","https://openalex.org/W4399335588","https://openalex.org/W4402916620","https://openalex.org/W4404045305","https://openalex.org/W4404608966","https://openalex.org/W4405627269","https://openalex.org/W4405824910","https://openalex.org/W4406915130","https://openalex.org/W4407103730","https://openalex.org/W4409175557","https://openalex.org/W4409335939","https://openalex.org/W4410098143","https://openalex.org/W4411240372","https://openalex.org/W4411386886","https://openalex.org/W4411674573","https://openalex.org/W4412125181","https://openalex.org/W4413087941","https://openalex.org/W4413133652","https://openalex.org/W4413225510","https://openalex.org/W4413756699","https://openalex.org/W4414073676","https://openalex.org/W4414593625","https://openalex.org/W4414593921","https://openalex.org/W4414861225","https://openalex.org/W4414886137","https://openalex.org/W4416065042","https://openalex.org/W4416256001","https://openalex.org/W4416914199","https://openalex.org/W4416955493","https://openalex.org/W4417004794","https://openalex.org/W4417086517","https://openalex.org/W4417265471","https://openalex.org/W4417460643","https://openalex.org/W6912703191","https://openalex.org/W6931625734","https://openalex.org/W6950442910","https://openalex.org/W6966890725","https://openalex.org/W7080462004","https://openalex.org/W7124161209","https://openalex.org/W7125528168","https://openalex.org/W7128425030","https://openalex.org/W7131276029","https://openalex.org/W7133354260","https://openalex.org/W7163155563","https://openalex.org/W7202266592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409175557","https://openalex.org/W7119234417","https://openalex.org/W4414593921","https://openalex.org/W4416369719","https://openalex.org/W4400237019","https://openalex.org/W6889777668","https://openalex.org/W4413133652","https://openalex.org/W4415247636","https://openalex.org/W7131809100","https://openalex.org/W4414777017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Recent":[1],"JWST":[2],"observations":[3],"have":[4,21,34],"revealed":[5],"a":[6,111,136],"population":[7],"of":[8,63,77,102,114,119,139,167,188,199,206],"red,":[9],"compact,":[10,150],"high-redshift":[11],"objects":[12],"called":[13],"\u201cLittle":[14],"Red":[15],"Dots\u201d":[16],"(LRD),":[17],"whose":[18],"host":[19,147,190,201],"components":[20,65],"remained":[22],"largely":[23,68],"unconstrained,":[24],"possibly":[25],"due":[26],"to":[27,94],"their":[28,209],"extreme":[29],"compactness.":[30],"Current":[31],"morphological":[32],"studies":[33],"been":[35],"limited":[36],"by":[37,43,171],"small":[38],"samples,":[39],"as":[40,42],"well":[41],"insufficient":[44],"imaging":[45],"depth,":[46],"which":[47],"may":[48],"not":[49],"allow":[50],"reliable":[51],"separation":[52],"between":[53],"point-like":[54],"and":[55,61,87,117,134,161,192,203,208],"extended":[56,64,104],"components,":[57],"leaving":[58],"the":[59,73,85,107,146,162,175,186,197,200,204,213,218],"existence":[60,187],"properties":[62],"in":[66,80,106],"LRD":[67,189],"unconstrained.":[69],"Here,":[70],"we":[71],"perform":[72,125],"image":[74],"stacking":[75],"analysis":[76],"217":[78],"LRDs":[79,168],"four":[81],"NIRCam":[82],"bands,":[83],"representing":[84],"largest":[86],"homogeneous":[88],"sample":[89],"observed":[90],"from":[91],"COSMOS-Web":[92],"survey":[93],"date.":[95],"Our":[96],"results":[97],"reveal":[98],"an":[99],"unambiguous":[100],"detection":[101],"faint":[103],"emission":[105],"F444W":[108],"band,":[109],"with":[110],"typical":[112,163],"size":[113],"~200":[115],"parsecs":[116],"magnitude":[118],"~27.7":[120],"AB":[121],"at":[122,158],"z~6.5.":[123],"We":[124],"four-band":[126],"photometric":[127],"SED":[128],"fitting":[129],"based":[130],"on":[131],"galaxy":[132,148,202],"templates":[133],"derive":[135],"stellar":[137,144],"mass":[138,166],"8.91+-~0.1":[140],"logM_sun.":[141],"Given":[142],"this":[143],"mass,":[145,160],"is":[149,169],"i.e.,":[151],"~2.5":[152],"times":[153],"smaller":[154],"than":[155],"star-forming":[156],"populations":[157],"similar":[159],"black":[164,210],"hole":[165],"elevated":[170],"~1.5":[172],"dex":[173],"above":[174],"local":[176],"MBH-M*":[177],"relation.":[178],"This":[179],"work":[180],"provides":[181],"direct":[182],"observational":[183],"evidence":[184],"for":[185],"galaxies":[191,207],"offers":[193],"crucial":[194],"insights":[195],"into":[196],"growth":[198],"co-evolution":[205],"holes":[211],"within":[212],"first":[214],"billion":[215],"years":[216],"after":[217],"Big":[219],"Bang.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}