{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204072118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","title":"Early Life Adversity Produces Enduring Molecular and Functional Disruption of Developing Vagal Circuits","display_name":"Early Life Adversity Produces Enduring Molecular and Functional Disruption of Developing Vagal Circuits","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204072118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42892764","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13674597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/04/2026.08.31.748408.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/04/2026.08.31.748408.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148004691","display_name":"Sadie Panvini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3917-3876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3917-3876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336910626","display_name":"Children's Hospital Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/00412ts95","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336910626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270452","display_name":"Saban Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00qe7sv26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Panvini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3917-3876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336910626","https://openalex.org/I4405270452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147920115","display_name":"Sirajan Kamara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336910626","display_name":"Children's Hospital Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/00412ts95","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336910626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270452","display_name":"Saban Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00qe7sv26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sirajan Kamara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336910626","https://openalex.org/I4405270452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148023453","display_name":"Matt Hong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336910626","display_name":"Children's Hospital Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/00412ts95","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336910626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270452","display_name":"Saban Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00qe7sv26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336910626","https://openalex.org/I4405270452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039497420","display_name":"Pat R. Levitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-1695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-1695"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336910626","display_name":"Children's Hospital Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/00412ts95","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336910626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270452","display_name":"Saban Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00qe7sv26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pat Levitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-1695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336910626","https://openalex.org/I4405270452"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5148004691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336910626","https://openalex.org/I4405270452"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.8568999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.8568999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12580","display_name":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research","score":0.09070000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10529","display_name":"Stress Responses and Cortisol","score":0.02669999934732914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2802","display_name":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-adversity","display_name":"childhood adversity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"heart rate variability","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomic-stress-response","display_name":"autonomic stress response","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-dysfunction","display_name":"mitochondrial dysfunction","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleus-rna-sequencing","display_name":"single-nucleus RNA sequencing","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-body-communication","display_name":"brain-body communication","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781404750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190140","display_name":"Vagus nerve","level":3,"score":0.24560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.24420000612735748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.23330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10928738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195426","display_name":"Vagal tone","level":5,"score":0.2304999977350235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.22579999268054962}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/04/2026.08.31.748408.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:42892764","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42892764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13674597","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13674597/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/423sww5tj4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17632/423sww5tj4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17632/423sww5tj4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050775","display_name":"Mendeley Data","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.17632/423sww5tj4.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17632/423sww5tj4.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17632/423sww5tj4.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050775","display_name":"Mendeley Data","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.31.748408","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/04/2026.08.31.748408.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4229283614","display_name":"Impact of Early Life Experience on Vagal Neurons and Circuits","funder_award_id":"R01DK126085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329659","display_name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/000025p04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334418","display_name":"Saban Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00qe7sv26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204072118.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204072118.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487001307","https://openalex.org/W1494964562","https://openalex.org/W1869144020","https://openalex.org/W1971072238","https://openalex.org/W1980854877","https://openalex.org/W1984566678","https://openalex.org/W1988059569","https://openalex.org/W1988125482","https://openalex.org/W1994454501","https://openalex.org/W2000379434","https://openalex.org/W2004265422","https://openalex.org/W2014258983","https://openalex.org/W2017750045","https://openalex.org/W2018235445","https://openalex.org/W2018777209","https://openalex.org/W2024968752","https://openalex.org/W2034734862","https://openalex.org/W2044162448","https://openalex.org/W2049131545","https://openalex.org/W2049202068","https://openalex.org/W2049814665","https://openalex.org/W2052396447","https://openalex.org/W2055211686","https://openalex.org/W2063783248","https://openalex.org/W2069040627","https://openalex.org/W2073537354","https://openalex.org/W2073866081","https://openalex.org/W2075538930","https://openalex.org/W2075715910","https://openalex.org/W2077920443","https://openalex.org/W2079480282","https://openalex.org/W2080496806","https://openalex.org/W2084063496","https://openalex.org/W2088475496","https://openalex.org/W2096215189","https://openalex.org/W2099540110","https://openalex.org/W2104676408","https://openalex.org/W2115565199","https://openalex.org/W2116839388","https://openalex.org/W2118913266","https://openalex.org/W2126518215","https://openalex.org/W2126717500","https://openalex.org/W2128107556","https://openalex.org/W2131361751","https://openalex.org/W2145425898","https://openalex.org/W2147986528","https://openalex.org/W2148768902","https://openalex.org/W2149612743","https://openalex.org/W2149689723","https://openalex.org/W2155779129","https://openalex.org/W2161477740","https://openalex.org/W2162033213","https://openalex.org/W2163674463","https://openalex.org/W2166372248","https://openalex.org/W2167279371","https://openalex.org/W2169343837","https://openalex.org/W2231821799","https://openalex.org/W2291123435","https://openalex.org/W2346322573","https://openalex.org/W2347021123","https://openalex.org/W2412096695","https://openalex.org/W2542924933","https://openalex.org/W2556627287","https://openalex.org/W2561923085","https://openalex.org/W2588801824","https://openalex.org/W2611395213","https://openalex.org/W2625629260","https://openalex.org/W2740804658","https://openalex.org/W2759190050","https://openalex.org/W2770670559","https://openalex.org/W2776638195","https://openalex.org/W2782981777","https://openalex.org/W2787396029","https://openalex.org/W2789856325","https://openalex.org/W2791325895","https://openalex.org/W2895927591","https://openalex.org/W2909281621","https://openalex.org/W2913807423","https://openalex.org/W2915665800","https://openalex.org/W2942409201","https://openalex.org/W2943046092","https://openalex.org/W2945959380","https://openalex.org/W2982442142","https://openalex.org/W3005590121","https://openalex.org/W3026129021","https://openalex.org/W3086731992","https://openalex.org/W3089213722","https://openalex.org/W3096021974","https://openalex.org/W3111521801","https://openalex.org/W3122533124","https://openalex.org/W3125426344","https://openalex.org/W3133314501","https://openalex.org/W3174894006","https://openalex.org/W3184889272","https://openalex.org/W3196174803","https://openalex.org/W4205792374","https://openalex.org/W4220742257","https://openalex.org/W4220985856","https://openalex.org/W4221041913","https://openalex.org/W4281778594","https://openalex.org/W4281989939","https://openalex.org/W4282925145","https://openalex.org/W4306250077","https://openalex.org/W4307035907","https://openalex.org/W4310211651","https://openalex.org/W4321452648","https://openalex.org/W4321850654","https://openalex.org/W4322733206","https://openalex.org/W4375866377","https://openalex.org/W4377695563","https://openalex.org/W4386225694","https://openalex.org/W4390202141","https://openalex.org/W4390333438","https://openalex.org/W4400839426","https://openalex.org/W4404734801","https://openalex.org/W4404871720","https://openalex.org/W4405895528","https://openalex.org/W4407415768","https://openalex.org/W4408510389","https://openalex.org/W4410112158","https://openalex.org/W4414116602","https://openalex.org/W4414563817","https://openalex.org/W7137833319","https://openalex.org/W7160324132","https://openalex.org/W7161683138","https://openalex.org/W7162655174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160324132","https://openalex.org/W3026129021","https://openalex.org/W6981245078","https://openalex.org/W7160947471","https://openalex.org/W2460777624","https://openalex.org/W3000650818","https://openalex.org/W4301396943","https://openalex.org/W2959295516","https://openalex.org/W4391449848","https://openalex.org/W2124783722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"life":[1],"adversity":[2],"(ELA)":[3],"is":[4,88],"a":[5,51],"leading":[6],"preventable":[7],"contributor":[8],"to":[9,27,158,190,201],"morbidity":[10],"and":[11,17,34,45,61,118,193,197,206],"mortality,":[12],"increasing":[13],"risk":[14],"for":[15,54],"mental":[16],"physical":[18],"illness":[19],"later":[20],"in":[21,103,119,216],"life.":[22],"However,":[23],"mechanisms":[24],"linking":[25],"ELA":[26,42,130,141],"comorbid":[28],"outcomes":[29],"within":[30],"both":[31],"the":[32,58,89,92,95,112,191,202],"brain":[33],"body":[35],"remain":[36],"poorly":[37],"understood.":[38],"We":[39,70,105],"tested":[40],"whether":[41],"disrupts":[43],"functional":[44],"molecular":[46],"development":[47,93,219],"of":[48,66,82,94,111,125,133,172],"vagal":[49,113,195,204,217],"circuitry,":[50],"key":[52],"pathway":[53],"brain-body":[55],"communication,":[56],"using":[57,78],"limited":[59],"bedding":[60],"nesting":[62],"(LBN)":[63],"mouse":[64],"model":[65],"unpredictable":[67],"maternal":[68],"care.":[69],"measured":[71,102],"vagally":[72],"mediated":[73],"autonomic":[74,97],"stress":[75,98],"responses":[76,155,189,200],"longitudinally":[77],"three":[79],"noninvasive":[80],"measures":[81],"heart":[83],"rate":[84],"variability":[85],"(HRV).":[86],"This":[87],"first":[90],"time":[91],"vagally-mediated":[96],"response":[99],"has":[100],"been":[101],"mice.":[104],"also":[106,164],"performed":[107],"single-nucleus":[108],"RNA":[109],"sequencing":[110],"medulla":[114,196,205],"immediately":[115],"after":[116],"LBN":[117],"adulthood,":[120],"followed":[121,146],"by":[122,147],"spatial":[123],"mapping":[124,182],"high-confidence":[126],"differentially":[127],"expressed":[128],"genes.":[129],"altered":[131],"trajectories":[132],"all":[134],"HRV":[135],"measures,":[136],"with":[137,167],"pronounced":[138],"sex":[139,165],"differences.":[140],"females":[142],"showed":[143,177],"precocious":[144],"maturation":[145],"adult":[148],"declines,":[149],"whereas":[150],"males":[151,176],"initially":[152],"exhibited":[153],"blunted":[154],"but":[156],"recovered":[157],"control":[159],"levels.":[160],"Transcriptomic":[161],"changes":[162],"were":[163],"dependent,":[166],"female":[168,199],"neurons":[169],"exhibiting":[170],"signatures":[171],"mitochondrial":[173,179,222],"dysfunction,":[174],"while":[175],"adaptive":[178,187],"responses.":[180],"Spatial":[181],"revealed":[183],"rostro-caudal":[184],"organization,":[185],"localizing":[186],"male":[188],"rostral":[192],"intermediate":[194,203],"maladaptive":[198],"loose":[207],"nucleus":[208],"ambiguus.":[209],"These":[210],"findings":[211],"demonstrate":[212],"enduring,":[213],"sex-specific":[214],"alterations":[215],"circuit":[218],"centered":[220],"on":[221],"pathways.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}
