{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204070595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf","title":"Schwinger Pair Production as \u03c7\u2011Spectral Instability of the Universal Operator T\u03c7: From Vacuum Current to Avalanche in Strong, Lengthy Fields","display_name":"Schwinger Pair Production as \u03c7\u2011Spectral Instability of the Universal Operator T\u03c7: From Vacuum Current to Avalanche in Strong, Lengthy Fields","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204070595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/engage/api-gateway/coe/assets/orp/resource/item/6a8bffe44770e67d9214958a/original/schwinger-pair-production-as-spectral-instability-of-the-universal-operator-t-from-vacuum-current-to-avalanche-in-strong-lengthy-fields.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/engage/api-gateway/coe/assets/orp/resource/item/6a8bffe44770e67d9214958a/original/schwinger-pair-production-as-spectral-instability-of-the-universal-operator-t-from-vacuum-current-to-avalanche-in-strong-lengthy-fields.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148028554","display_name":"Anatolii Mukha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4614-6667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4614-6667"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anatolii Mukha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher , retired person Kharkiv , Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4614-6667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher , retired person Kharkiv , Ukraine","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5148028554"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12220","display_name":"Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect","score":0.673799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12220","display_name":"Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect","score":0.673799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.2206999957561493,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.014100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schwinger-pair-production","display_name":"Schwinger pair production","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-field-qed","display_name":"strong-field QED","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vacuum-instability","display_name":"vacuum instability","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-instability","display_name":"spectral instability","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-formation","display_name":"avalanche formation","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primordial-field","display_name":"primordial field","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baryon-asymmetry","display_name":"baryon asymmetry","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-microwave-background","display_name":"cosmic microwave background","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-thermal-radiation","display_name":"non-thermal radiation","score":0.8669999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9182999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778409180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105514","display_name":"Resummation","level":3,"score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207821765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405372","display_name":"Instability","level":2,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207297109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15605","display_name":"Cosmic microwave background","level":3,"score":0.48410001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100752768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2538708","display_name":"False vacuum","level":2,"score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.42829999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47085818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115238","display_name":"Pair production","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113471709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q792548","display_name":"Axion","level":3,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70662872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766202","display_name":"Vacuum state","level":2,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115047598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54505","display_name":"Quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174256460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911364","display_name":"Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62796785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12902765","display_name":"Cosmic background radiation","level":4,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6947382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143773","display_name":"Vacuum energy","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20154449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129469","display_name":"Metric expansion of space","level":4,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84269361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179235","display_name":"Phenomenology (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184748400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599934","display_name":"Physics beyond the Standard Model","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104416048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302518","display_name":"Propagator","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79118098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43101","display_name":"Boson","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/engage/api-gateway/coe/assets/orp/resource/item/6a8bffe44770e67d9214958a/original/schwinger-pair-production-as-spectral-instability-of-the-universal-operator-t-from-vacuum-current-to-avalanche-in-strong-lengthy-fields.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22077988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22077988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22077988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22077989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22077989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22077989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2026-c6plf","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/engage/api-gateway/coe/assets/orp/resource/item/6a8bffe44770e67d9214958a/original/schwinger-pair-production-as-spectral-instability-of-the-universal-operator-t-from-vacuum-current-to-avalanche-in-strong-lengthy-fields.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204070595.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204070595.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169660217","https://openalex.org/W7169868013","https://openalex.org/W7170181506","https://openalex.org/W7170269061","https://openalex.org/W7170719390","https://openalex.org/W7172256447","https://openalex.org/W7172505633","https://openalex.org/W7196927748","https://openalex.org/W7201871161","https://openalex.org/W7202389402","https://openalex.org/W7203441471","https://openalex.org/W7203547790","https://openalex.org/W7203554037","https://openalex.org/W7203578837","https://openalex.org/W7203640766","https://openalex.org/W7203687219","https://openalex.org/W7203711933","https://openalex.org/W7203882910","https://openalex.org/W7203914267","https://openalex.org/W7203988471","https://openalex.org/W7203993975","https://openalex.org/W7204042064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171953369","https://openalex.org/W7167208646","https://openalex.org/W7160942211","https://openalex.org/W7128997923","https://openalex.org/W7203499301","https://openalex.org/W7097236159","https://openalex.org/W1997083891","https://openalex.org/W7015675413","https://openalex.org/W7204042064","https://openalex.org/W7172158244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,207],"work":[1],"develops":[2],"a":[3,91,106,138,146,212],"unified":[4,213],"operator\u2011spectral":[5,109],"framework":[6],"for":[7,216],"vacuum":[8,115],"instability":[9],"in":[10,189],"strong":[11],"electromagnetic":[12],"fields,":[13],"demonstrating":[14],"that":[15,154],"all":[16],"known":[17],"regimes":[18],"of":[19,26,48,68,111,183],"strong\u2011field":[20,172,217],"QED":[21],"arise":[22],"as":[23,65,165,211],"spectral":[24,82,162],"transitions":[25],"the":[27,49,60,66,87,108,142,161,166],"Universal":[28],"Operator":[29],"T\u03c7.":[30],"Classical":[31],"Schwinger":[32],"pair":[33,198],"production":[34],"is":[35,63],"shown":[36,176],"to":[37,39,121,177],"correspond":[38],"single\u2011layer":[40],"\u03c7\u2011tunneling,":[41],"while":[42],"one\u2011loop":[43],"\u03bc\u2011suppression":[44],"reflects":[45],"\u03c7\u2011temporal":[46],"narrowing":[47],"effective":[50],"tunneling":[51],"window.":[52],"The":[53,133,192],"two\u2011loop":[54],"\ud835\udc47":[55],"4":[56],"growth":[57],"discovered":[58],"by":[59],"MIPT":[61],"group":[62],"identified":[64],"signature":[67],"multi\u2011layer":[69],"\u03c7\u2011cascade":[70],"formation,":[71],"where":[72,149],"photons":[73],"and":[74,80,98,114,160,186,203,220],"secondary":[75,197],"pairs":[76],"populate":[77],"deeper":[78],"\u03c7\u2011layers":[79,99],"amplify":[81],"flow.":[83],"As":[84],"\u03c7\u2011depth":[85],"increases,":[86],"system":[88],"approaches":[89],"\u03c7\u2011criticality,":[90,128],"universal":[92],"threshold":[93,104,204],"at":[94],"which":[95],"\u03c7\u2011barriers":[96],"collapse":[97],"lose":[100],"orthogonality.":[101],"Crossing":[102],"this":[103],"produces":[105],"\u03c7\u2011trap,":[107],"mechanism":[110],"avalanche":[112,205],"formation":[113],"collapse.":[116],"Because":[117],"multi\u2011loop":[118],"physics":[119],"corresponds":[120],"\u03c7\u2011layer":[122],"expansion,":[123],"perturbation":[124,180],"theory":[125,193],"fails":[126],"near":[127],"requiring":[129],"full":[130],"\u03c7\u2011spectral":[131,179],"resummation.":[132],"\u03c7\u2011Spectral":[134,209],"Theory":[135,210],"further":[136],"provides":[137],"new":[139],"cosmological":[140],"interpretation:":[141],"early":[143],"Universe":[144],"was":[145],"high\u2011depth":[147],"\u03c7\u2011configuration":[148],"primordial":[150],"fields":[151],"triggered":[152],"\u03c7\u2011avalanches":[153],"generated":[155],"matter,":[156],"radiation,":[157,201],"baryon":[158],"asymmetry,":[159],"imprint":[163],"observed":[164],"cosmic":[167],"microwave":[168],"background.":[169],"Finally,":[170],"modern":[171],"laser":[173],"facilities":[174],"are":[175],"be":[178],"engines,":[181],"capable":[182],"deforming":[184],"\u03c7\u2011geometry":[185],"approaching":[187],"\u03c7\u2011criticality":[188],"laboratory":[190],"conditions.":[191],"predicts":[194],"super\u2011linear":[195],"scaling,":[196],"creation,":[199],"non\u2011thermal":[200],"\u03c7\u2011coherence,":[202],"behavior.":[206],"establishes":[208],"operator\u2011geometric":[214],"foundation":[215],"physics,":[218],"cosmology,":[219],"experiment.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}