{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204070540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710","title":"Early swelling kinetics of chitosan hydrogels under different acidity conditions for designing controlled-release fertilizers","display_name":"Early swelling kinetics of chitosan hydrogels under different acidity conditions for designing controlled-release fertilizers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204070540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710","pdf_url":"https://journal-iasssf.com/index.php/AES/article/download/3710/2098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387997427","display_name":"Applied Environmental Science","issn_l":"3025-0412","issn":["3025-0412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal-iasssf.com/index.php/AES/article/download/3710/2098","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065881382","display_name":"Sinta Ramadhania Putri Maresi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-5009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-5009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265429","display_name":"Politeknik AKA Bogor","ror":"https://ror.org/04rz98c72","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinta Ramadhania Putri Maresi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Waste Processing Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, West Java 16154"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Waste Processing Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, West Java 16154","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035396201","display_name":"Tri Sutanti Budikania","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9417-3990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9417-3990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265429","display_name":"Politeknik AKA Bogor","ror":"https://ror.org/04rz98c72","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tri Sutanti Budikania","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Analysis Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, Bogor, West Java 16154"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Analysis Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, Bogor, West Java 16154","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086977017","display_name":"Kartini Afriani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-4024","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-4024"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265429","display_name":"Politeknik AKA Bogor","ror":"https://ror.org/04rz98c72","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kartini Afriani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Analysis Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, Bogor, West Java 16154"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Analysis Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, Bogor, West Java 16154","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086654160","display_name":"Achmad Nandang Roziafanto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-2565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-2565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265429","display_name":"Politeknik AKA Bogor","ror":"https://ror.org/04rz98c72","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achmad Nandang Roziafanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food Nanotechnology Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, Bogor, West Java 16154"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food Nanotechnology Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, Bogor, West Java 16154","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075717964","display_name":"Ahmad Dzaky Mualim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5186-2041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5186-2041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265429","display_name":"Politeknik AKA Bogor","ror":"https://ror.org/04rz98c72","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Dzaky Mualim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Analysis Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, Bogor, West Java 16154"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Analysis Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, Bogor, West Java 16154","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072494051","display_name":"Fareka Kholidanata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3405-5379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3405-5379"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265429","display_name":"Politeknik AKA Bogor","ror":"https://ror.org/04rz98c72","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fareka Kholidanata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Analysis Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, Bogor, West Java 16154"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Analysis Study Program, Politeknik Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor, Bogor, West Java 16154","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265429"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12642","display_name":"Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12642","display_name":"Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chitosan-hydrogel","display_name":"chitosan hydrogel","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swelling-kinetics","display_name":"swelling kinetics","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slow-release-fertilizer","display_name":"slow-release fertilizer","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph-effect","display_name":"pH effect","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree-of-deacetylation","display_name":"degree of deacetylation","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swelling-ratio","display_name":"swelling ratio","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogel-formulation","display_name":"hydrogel formulation","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-retention","display_name":"water retention","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778540859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Swelling","level":2,"score":0.9714000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6823999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148898269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108792","display_name":"Kinetics","level":2,"score":0.6782000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108586683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826","display_name":"Self-healing hydrogels","level":2,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779732960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408510","display_name":"Chitosan","level":2,"score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7655862","display_name":"Swelling capacity","level":3,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88972607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666904","display_name":"Human fertilization","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45812177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432016","display_name":"Alkalinity","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710","pdf_url":"https://journal-iasssf.com/index.php/AES/article/download/3710/2098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387997427","display_name":"Applied Environmental Science","issn_l":"3025-0412","issn":["3025-0412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v4i1.2026.3710","pdf_url":"https://journal-iasssf.com/index.php/AES/article/download/3710/2098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387997427","display_name":"Applied Environmental Science","issn_l":"3025-0412","issn":["3025-0412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328171","display_name":"Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/03nmpnj34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204070540.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204070540.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2750238002","https://openalex.org/W2911710548","https://openalex.org/W3001760768","https://openalex.org/W3040788393","https://openalex.org/W3046482011","https://openalex.org/W3103126445","https://openalex.org/W3109949414","https://openalex.org/W3121429692","https://openalex.org/W4200573872","https://openalex.org/W4205983668","https://openalex.org/W4223476881","https://openalex.org/W4309728405","https://openalex.org/W4313392453","https://openalex.org/W4323035081","https://openalex.org/W4323044243","https://openalex.org/W4377139607","https://openalex.org/W4382982991","https://openalex.org/W4385518977","https://openalex.org/W4386502076","https://openalex.org/W4387878783","https://openalex.org/W4389410390","https://openalex.org/W4389514238","https://openalex.org/W4390245619","https://openalex.org/W4391647594","https://openalex.org/W4393931399","https://openalex.org/W4394714187","https://openalex.org/W4399035873","https://openalex.org/W4399042888","https://openalex.org/W4400008115","https://openalex.org/W4400644183","https://openalex.org/W4401331258","https://openalex.org/W4401354881","https://openalex.org/W4402026119","https://openalex.org/W4405991911","https://openalex.org/W4406786399","https://openalex.org/W4410487974","https://openalex.org/W4412746349","https://openalex.org/W4416185530","https://openalex.org/W7082991300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376971616","https://openalex.org/W2119019730","https://openalex.org/W4223476881","https://openalex.org/W2351561819","https://openalex.org/W2030289898","https://openalex.org/W1984943390","https://openalex.org/W4317627155","https://openalex.org/W2037928056","https://openalex.org/W6885410373","https://openalex.org/W2803125918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Nutrient":[1],"losses":[2],"from":[3],"conventional":[4],"fertilization":[5],"have":[6],"increased":[7],"the":[8,27,32,40,46,49,91,102,121,130,138,154,238,246],"need":[9],"for":[10,269,274],"biodegradable":[11,271],"hydrogel":[12,218],"matrices":[13],"that":[14,178,217],"improve":[15],"water":[16],"retention":[17],"and":[18,44,54,71,76,114,148,159,170,185,208,224,243,261],"support":[19],"controlled-release":[20],"fertilizer":[21],"(CRF)":[22],"systems.":[23],"This":[24,254],"study":[25,255],"investigated":[26],"effects":[28],"of":[29,36,51,124,168,173,251],"pH":[30,118,236],"on":[31],"early-stage":[33,267],"swelling":[34,55,92,96,106,122,209,241],"kinetics":[35],"chitosan-based":[37],"hydrogels,":[38],"identified":[39],"most":[41,196,239],"stable":[42],"formulation,":[43],"examined":[45],"relationship":[47,205],"between":[48,206],"degree":[50],"deacetylation":[52],"(DD)":[53],"performance.":[56,249],"Methods:":[57],"A":[58],"quantitative":[59],"experimental":[60],"design":[61],"was":[62,80,211],"applied":[63],"to":[64],"four":[65],"formulations,":[66],"namely":[67],"ChGu,":[68],"ChG,":[69],"ChPu,":[70],"ChP,":[72],"under":[73,101],"acidic,":[74],"neutral,":[75],"alkaline":[77,191],"conditions.":[78],"Swelling":[79],"measured":[81],"over":[82],"120":[83],"minutes":[84],"with":[85,135],"replicate":[86],"measurements.":[87],"The":[88,204],"analysis":[89],"included":[90],"ratio":[93,97],"(SR),":[94],"maximum":[95],"(Max":[98],"SR),":[99],"area":[100],"curve":[103],"(AUC),":[104],"net":[105],"change":[107],"(\u0394SR),":[108],"means,":[109],"standard":[110],"deviations,":[111],"statistical":[112],"comparisons,":[113],"regression":[115],"analysis.":[116],"Findings:":[117],"markedly":[119],"influenced":[120],"behavior":[123],"all":[125],"formulations.":[126],"Neutral":[127,235],"conditions":[128,192],"produced":[129],"highest":[131,155],"average":[132],"SR":[133,157,167,202],"values,":[134],"ChP":[136,151,244],"showing":[137],"best":[139],"performance":[140,210],"(86.4),":[141],"followed":[142],"by":[143,200],"ChG":[144,163],"(67.6),":[145],"ChGu":[146],"(63.8),":[147],"ChPu":[149],"(30.4).":[150],"also":[152],"recorded":[153],"Max":[156,166,257],"(124)":[158],"AUC":[160,172],"(11,100),":[161],"while":[162],"reached":[164],"a":[165],"110":[169],"an":[171],"9,150.":[174],"These":[175],"findings":[176],"indicate":[177],"both":[179],"formulations":[180],"had":[181],"greater":[182],"expansion":[183],"capacity":[184],"more":[186,229],"sustained":[187],"swelling.":[188],"In":[189],"contrast,":[190],"caused":[193],"deswelling":[194],"in":[195],"samples,":[197],"as":[198,265],"indicated":[199],"negative":[201],"values.":[203],"DD":[207,232],"weak":[212],"(R\u00b2":[213],"=":[214],"0.14),":[215],"indicating":[216],"structure,":[219],"formulation":[220],"composition,":[221],"environmental":[222],"pH,":[223],"early":[225],"kinetic":[226],"transitions":[227],"were":[228],"influential":[230],"than":[231],"alone.":[233],"Conclusion:":[234],"provided":[237],"favorable":[240],"conditions,":[242],"demonstrated":[245],"strongest":[247],"overall":[248],"Novelty/Originality":[250],"this":[252],"article:":[253],"proposes":[256],"SR,":[258],"AUC,":[259],"\u0394SR,":[260],"dynamic":[262],"transition":[263],"intervals":[264],"integrated":[266],"indicators":[268],"screening":[270],"chitosan":[272],"hydrogels":[273],"CRF":[275],"applications.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}