{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204053137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8","title":"Coordinated optimization of electric vehicle charging infrastructure and reactive power compensation in active distribution networks with V2G services","display_name":"Coordinated optimization of electric vehicle charging infrastructure and reactive power compensation in active distribution networks with V2G services","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204053137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-66641-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-66641-8_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohd Bilal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Bilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087694897","display_name":"Tousif Khan Nizami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-347X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-347X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-581X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tousif Khan Nizami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Science, SRM University AP, Amaravati, 522240, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-347X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Science, SRM University AP, Amaravati, 522240, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135724629","display_name":"Fareed Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6733-7615","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6733-7615"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fareed Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147355485","display_name":"Mohammad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2184-7978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2184-7978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, 36362, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, 36362, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007419488","display_name":"Shima Sadaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9739-5456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9739-5456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shima Sadaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, 36362, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, 36362, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053367614","display_name":"Mohammed A. AlAqil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-7566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-7566","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3356-6894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. Alaqil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, 36362, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, 36362, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087694897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4886656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.6542999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.6542999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.3384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle-charging-stations","display_name":"electric vehicle charging stations","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-power-compensation","display_name":"reactive power compensation","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor-placement","display_name":"capacitor placement","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-to-grid","display_name":"vehicle-to-grid","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-distribution-networks","display_name":"active distribution networks","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-loss-reduction","display_name":"power loss reduction","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-profile-improvement","display_name":"voltage profile improvement","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-wolf-optimizer","display_name":"grey wolf optimizer","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuckoo-search-algorithm","display_name":"cuckoo search algorithm","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-energy-flow","display_name":"bidirectional energy flow","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution-network-reliability","display_name":"distribution network reliability","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-33-bus-system","display_name":"IEEE 33-bus system","score":0.8270000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117241572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5192379","display_name":"Cuckoo search","level":3,"score":0.7597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7050999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6611999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.6025000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140665","display_name":"Charging station","level":4,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82178898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166839","display_name":"Voltage drop","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-66641-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66641-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-66641-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322804","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204053137.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204053137.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533880092","https://openalex.org/W1981083891","https://openalex.org/W2007898191","https://openalex.org/W2032147623","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2064423629","https://openalex.org/W2095188060","https://openalex.org/W2128049998","https://openalex.org/W2136539210","https://openalex.org/W2153332004","https://openalex.org/W2170865848","https://openalex.org/W2329438222","https://openalex.org/W2778290439","https://openalex.org/W2995595179","https://openalex.org/W3009503767","https://openalex.org/W3010862002","https://openalex.org/W3036565714","https://openalex.org/W3088004601","https://openalex.org/W3119940885","https://openalex.org/W3120972439","https://openalex.org/W3157530348","https://openalex.org/W3193302259","https://openalex.org/W3201528187","https://openalex.org/W3208273960","https://openalex.org/W3212170806","https://openalex.org/W4210508181","https://openalex.org/W4214888134","https://openalex.org/W4226372130","https://openalex.org/W4241079583","https://openalex.org/W4281769300","https://openalex.org/W4296488973","https://openalex.org/W4365144577","https://openalex.org/W4367184104","https://openalex.org/W4385387318","https://openalex.org/W4387613693","https://openalex.org/W4388289289","https://openalex.org/W4389655909","https://openalex.org/W4393025222","https://openalex.org/W4393381759","https://openalex.org/W4399555428","https://openalex.org/W4399731416","https://openalex.org/W4401534895","https://openalex.org/W4402877639","https://openalex.org/W4404612862","https://openalex.org/W4409327792","https://openalex.org/W4409492773","https://openalex.org/W4411132242","https://openalex.org/W4411501398","https://openalex.org/W4412988887","https://openalex.org/W4413274335","https://openalex.org/W4415336633","https://openalex.org/W7118216897","https://openalex.org/W7128298060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416923526","https://openalex.org/W4401534895","https://openalex.org/W4407351666","https://openalex.org/W3161957746","https://openalex.org/W3157530348","https://openalex.org/W4410428832","https://openalex.org/W7126253605","https://openalex.org/W7160257830","https://openalex.org/W4402744632","https://openalex.org/W7134901176"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,100],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,194],"innovative":[4],"strategy":[5,159],"to":[6,95,135,223,230,245,282],"augment":[7],"the":[8,18,31,49,71,81,90,97,152,163,168,200,238,257,269,273,285],"efficiency":[9],"and":[10,38,59,89,109,118,126,146,167,192,211,216,226,264,288],"profitability":[11],"of":[12,20,34,51,84,154,197,206,260,290],"electrical":[13,291],"distribution":[14,292],"networks":[15],"(DNs)":[16],"in":[17,120,175],"context":[19],"increasing":[21],"plug-in":[22],"electric":[23],"vehicle":[24],"(PEV)":[25],"acceptance.":[26],"The":[27,63,113,131,157,183,203],"method":[28],"focuses":[29],"on":[30,162],"optimal":[32,204],"assignment":[33],"PEV":[35,123,208,261],"charging":[36,124,209,262],"stations":[37,125,210,263],"capacitor":[39],"units":[40],"within":[41,128],"DNs,":[42],"specifically":[43],"considering":[44],"Vehicle-to-Grid":[45],"(V2G)":[46],"functionality,":[47],"with":[48,179,256],"aim":[50],"reducing":[52],"energy":[53,149,176,187],"losses,":[54,142],"lowering":[55,140],"system":[56,111],"outage":[57],"costs,":[58],"improving":[60],"network":[61,137],"reliability.":[62],"proposed":[64,158,184,274],"approach":[65,185,275],"employs":[66],"a":[67,104,129,172],"hybrid":[68],"technique,":[69],"namely":[70],"Hybrid":[72],"Grey":[73,85],"Wolf":[74,86],"Cuckoo":[75,91],"Search":[76,92],"Algorithm":[77,93],"(HGWOCSA),":[78],"which":[79],"leverages":[80],"best":[82],"features":[83],"Optimization":[87],"(GWO)":[88],"(CSA)":[94],"solve":[96],"optimization":[98],"problem.":[99],"technique":[101],"helps":[102],"maintain":[103],"balance":[105],"between":[106],"incurred":[107],"expenses":[108],"overall":[110],"efficiency.":[112],"HGWOCSA":[114],"outperforms":[115],"both":[116,284],"GWO":[117],"CSA":[119],"optimally":[121],"locating":[122],"capacitors":[127,213],"DN.":[130],"main":[132],"goal":[133],"is":[134,160,276],"optimize":[136],"performance":[138,287],"by":[139,190],"power":[141,218,266],"stabilizing":[143],"voltage":[144,181,241],"profiles,":[145],"supporting":[147],"bidirectional":[148],"flow":[150],"through":[151],"integration":[153,236,259],"V2G":[155,235],"functionality.":[156],"validated":[161],"IEEE":[164],"33-bus":[165],"system,":[166],"achieved":[169,193],"outcomes":[170],"showed":[171],"substantial":[173],"decrease":[174],"losses":[177,219],"along":[178],"improved":[180,237],"stability.":[182],"reduced":[186,214],"loss":[188],"costs":[189],"51.62%":[191],"annual":[195],"profit":[196],"$54,983.01":[198],"for":[199,279],"studied":[201],"system.":[202],"configuration":[205],"three":[207,212],"active":[215],"reactive":[217,265],"from":[220,227,242],"202.67":[221],"kW":[222,225],"98.06":[224],"135.14":[228],"kVAr":[229],"66.57":[231],"kVAr,":[232],"respectively,":[233],"while":[234],"weakest":[239],"bus":[240],"0.913":[243],"p.u.":[244,247],"0.9625":[246],"at":[248],"30%":[249],"penetration.":[250],"Moreover,":[251],"it":[252],"demonstrated":[253],"strong":[254],"compatibility":[255],"effective":[258],"compensation.":[267],"Therefore,":[268],"findings":[270],"suggest":[271],"that":[272],"highly":[277],"suitable":[278],"policymakers":[280],"aiming":[281],"improve":[283],"economic":[286],"reliability":[289],"networks.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-24T00:00:00"}
