{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204016609","doi":null,"title":"PULSE-Q: Space-to-Ground Quantum Key Distribution at the CubeSat Form Factor","display_name":"PULSE-Q: Space-to-Ground Quantum Key Distribution at the CubeSat Form Factor","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204016609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usu.edu:smallsat-6630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2026/all2026/151","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/smallsat/article/6630/viewcontent/SSC26_P1_05.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196327","display_name":"Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","host_organization_name":"Utah State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Small Satellite Conference","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/smallsat/article/6630/viewcontent/SSC26_P1_05.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119918245","display_name":"Logan Hanssler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanssler, Logan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147852346","display_name":"Stewart Kristiansen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristiansen, Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147849131","display_name":"Ellisian King","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"King, Ellisian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115840533","display_name":"Neha Chandran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandran, Neha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147847561","display_name":"Unnathi Venkatesh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatesh, Unnathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113384002","display_name":"Selina Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Selina","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113283009","display_name":"Nelson Chan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan, Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147817134","display_name":"Mika Sadikario","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadikario, Mika","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147830689","display_name":"Joseph Sorel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sorel, Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147876123","display_name":"Lexi Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Lexi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091926622","display_name":"Eleanor Gentry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gentry, Eleanor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147863169","display_name":"Rohan Gupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gupta, Rohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147875984","display_name":"Juan Ignacio Prieto Asbun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prieto Asbun, Juan Ignacio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026569467","display_name":"Lauren Ayala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0636-0598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0636-0598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayala, Lauren","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120322220","display_name":"Vincent Redwine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Redwine, Vincent","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051154337","display_name":"Tian Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3884-7453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3884-7453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong, Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68027713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"quantum key distribution","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cubesat","display_name":"CubeSat","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-modulation","display_name":"polarization modulation","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-satellite-communication","display_name":"satellite optical communication","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-quantum-communication","display_name":"satellite quantum communication","score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-key-distribution","display_name":"secure key distribution","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.9203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.64410001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142930","display_name":"CubeSat","level":3,"score":0.5950999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160333310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398153","display_name":"Key distribution","level":4,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68717125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735602","display_name":"Quantum optics","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124657808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133068","display_name":"Quantum dot","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444868","display_name":"Secure communication","level":3,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usu.edu:smallsat-6630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2026/all2026/151","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/smallsat/article/6630/viewcontent/SSC26_P1_05.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196327","display_name":"Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","host_organization_name":"Utah State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Small Satellite Conference","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usu.edu:smallsat-6630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2026/all2026/151","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/smallsat/article/6630/viewcontent/SSC26_P1_05.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196327","display_name":"Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","host_organization_name":"Utah State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Small Satellite Conference","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204016609.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204016609.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7057237989","https://openalex.org/W2952841329","https://openalex.org/W4412748236","https://openalex.org/W4289780306","https://openalex.org/W2973304523","https://openalex.org/W2804144475","https://openalex.org/W2765353860","https://openalex.org/W4302341724","https://openalex.org/W7140184089","https://openalex.org/W4281664612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motivation":[0],"Quantum":[1,33],"key":[2,21],"distribution":[3,22],"(QKD)":[4],"offers":[5],"provably":[6],"secure":[7],"communication":[8,50],"regardless":[9],"of":[10],"the":[11],"technology":[12],"available":[13],"to":[14,40,51],"potential":[15],"eavesdroppers.":[16],"Space-to-ground":[17],"QKD":[18],"facilitates":[19],"long-distance":[20],"without":[23],"costly":[24],"terrestrial":[25],"infrastructure.":[26],"The":[27],"Polarization-modUlated":[28],"Laser":[29],"Satellite":[30],"Experiment":[31],"\u2013":[32],"(PULSE-Q)":[34],"is":[35],"a":[36],"12U":[37],"CubeSat":[38],"mission":[39],"leverage":[41],"recent":[42],"innovations":[43],"in":[44],"compact":[45],"quantum":[46],"sources":[47],"and":[48],"optical":[49],"achieve":[52],"space-to-ground":[53],"QKD.":[54]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-23T00:00:00"}