{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203997805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875","title":"The fundaments of unity: O(1) dimensionless couplings in quantum field theories","display_name":"The fundaments of unity: O(1) dimensionless couplings in quantum field theories","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203997805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269326007264/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173952182","display_name":"Physics Letters B","issn_l":"0370-2693","issn":["0370-2693","1873-2445"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Letters B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269326007264/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020479808","display_name":"Benjamin C Allanach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4635-6830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4635-6830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben Allanach","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4635-6830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020479808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50018962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"881","issue":null,"first_page":"140875","last_page":"140875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrangian-density","display_name":"Lagrangian density","score":0.6330000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8766000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24872484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126818","display_name":"Dimensionless quantity","level":2,"score":0.8202000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.592199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115047598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54505","display_name":"Quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141513077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378542","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","level":3,"score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.48590001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4521999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53469067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505735","display_name":"Lagrangian","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.35580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141886431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193821","display_name":"Quantum fluctuation","level":3,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187268509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1402884","display_name":"Field theory (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202213908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626011","display_name":"Mean field theory","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163387558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281778","display_name":"Effective field theory","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269326007264/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173952182","display_name":"Physics Letters B","issn_l":"0370-2693","issn":["0370-2693","1873-2445"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Letters B","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.12393","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.12393","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.12393","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/409371","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/409371","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/0f22fddb-3e7d-42a4-a9b9-932fa0d1cf09/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05ddf1c456a24a5792d93ccc41c3c888","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/05ddf1c456a24a5792d93ccc41c3c888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Physics Letters B, Vol 881, Iss , Pp 140875- (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.12393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.12393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140875","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269326007264/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173952182","display_name":"Physics Letters B","issn_l":"0370-2693","issn":["0370-2693","1873-2445"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Letters B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4786312554","display_name":"Quantum Fields, Quantum Gravity and Quantum Particles","funder_award_id":"ST/X000664/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","ror":"https://ror.org/057g20z61"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203997805.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203997805.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973335304","https://openalex.org/W1974755392","https://openalex.org/W1991442658","https://openalex.org/W1995605674","https://openalex.org/W2004074095","https://openalex.org/W2006737254","https://openalex.org/W2034098299","https://openalex.org/W2041459005","https://openalex.org/W2065399658","https://openalex.org/W2106674584","https://openalex.org/W2112938671","https://openalex.org/W2159705690","https://openalex.org/W2560927198","https://openalex.org/W2614187684","https://openalex.org/W2800574844","https://openalex.org/W2988665211","https://openalex.org/W4401211033","https://openalex.org/W4401756103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164363943","https://openalex.org/W7166696085","https://openalex.org/W3040388704","https://openalex.org/W7128616747","https://openalex.org/W2276364809","https://openalex.org/W3160779230","https://openalex.org/W1965740172","https://openalex.org/W4394699785","https://openalex.org/W6931082915","https://openalex.org/W7170141438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,24],"critically":[1],"examine":[2],"the":[3,15,30,37,42,45,48,72,75,78,98,101,113,120,123,133],"expectation":[4],"that":[5,100],"in":[6,14],"a":[7,26,33,90],"fundamental":[8],"quantum":[9],"field":[10],"theory,":[11],"dimensionless":[12,52],"couplings":[13,66,115],"Lagrangian":[16],"density":[17],"should":[18],"all":[19],"be":[20,81],"of":[21,32,41,47,50,74,122,135],"order":[22],"unity.":[23],"propose":[25],"measure":[27],"to":[28,35,44,67],"quantify":[29],"adherence":[31],"theory":[34,91],"this:":[36],"spread":[38,79,102,124],"(the":[39],"ratio":[40],"largest":[43],"smallest":[46],"magnitudes)":[49],"such":[51],"couplings,":[53,77,97],"obtaining":[54],"various":[55],"closed-form":[56],"results.":[57],"If":[58],"we":[59],"take":[60],"independent":[61,136],"and":[62],"identically":[63],"distributed":[64],"(IID)":[65],"parameterise":[68],"our":[69],"uncertainty":[70],"on":[71],"values":[73],"order-unity":[76],"can":[80],"much":[82],"larger":[83],"than":[84,105],"one":[85],"might":[86],"naively":[87],"expect.":[88],"For":[89],"with":[92,132],"20":[93],"IID":[94,114],"unit":[95],"normal":[96],"probability":[99],"is":[103,107],"greater":[104],"100":[106],"0.29,":[108],"for":[109],"example.":[110],"Even":[111],"when":[112],"have":[116],"exponentially":[117],"suppressed":[118],"tails,":[119],"distribution":[121],"has":[125],"fat":[126],"power-law":[127],"tails":[128],"whose":[129],"amplitude":[130],"grows":[131],"number":[134],"couplings.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-23T00:00:00"}