{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203984653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2026.08.001","title":"Physiology-guided artificial intelligence digital twins for simulating glucose dynamics in type 2 diabetes","display_name":"Physiology-guided artificial intelligence digital twins for simulating glucose dynamics in type 2 diabetes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203984653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2026.08.001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bbe.2026.08.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2026.08.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2026.08.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137309422","display_name":"Journal of Applied Biomedicine","issn_l":"0208-5216","issn":["0208-5216","2391-467X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023914311","display_name":"Valentina Roquemen-Echeverri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-8022","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-8022"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Roquemen-Echeverri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence for Medical Systems (AIMS) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S. Bond Avenue, Portland, 97239, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-8022","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence for Medical Systems (AIMS) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S. Bond Avenue, Portland, 97239, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116191181","display_name":"Clara Escorihuela\u2010Altaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1680-920X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1680-920X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801112126","display_name":"University Hospital of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/01q9sj412","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801112126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259487","display_name":"Diabetes Center Berne","ror":"https://ror.org/02a9khs93","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259487"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clara Escorihuela-Altaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diabetes Center Berne, Freiburgstrasse 3, Bern, 3010, Switzerland","University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Inselspital\u2013University Hospital Bern University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 20, Bern, 3010, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1680-920X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diabetes Center Berne, Freiburgstrasse 3, Bern, 3010, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Inselspital\u2013University Hospital Bern University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 20, Bern, 3010, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I2801112126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086052344","display_name":"Taisa Kushner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-0465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-0465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140281","display_name":"Galois (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g8y8161","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140281"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taisa Kushner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Galois, Inc, 421 SW 6th Avenue #300, Portland, 97204, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-0465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Galois, Inc, 421 SW 6th Avenue #300, Portland, 97204, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050851035","display_name":"Peter G. Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-4783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-4783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter G. Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence for Medical Systems (AIMS) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S. Bond Avenue, Portland, 97239, OR, USA","School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 1500 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, 97331, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-4783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence for Medical Systems (AIMS) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S. Bond Avenue, Portland, 97239, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 1500 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, 97331, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091533908","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Garcia\u2010Tirado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9970-2162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9970-2162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801112126","display_name":"University Hospital of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/01q9sj412","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801112126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259487","display_name":"Diabetes Center Berne","ror":"https://ror.org/02a9khs93","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259487"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Garcia-Tirado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diabetes Center Berne, Freiburgstrasse 3, Bern, 3010, Switzerland","University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Inselspital\u2013University Hospital Bern University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 20, Bern, 3010, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9970-2162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diabetes Center Berne, Freiburgstrasse 3, Bern, 3010, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Inselspital\u2013University Hospital Bern University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 20, Bern, 3010, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I2801112126"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072955422","display_name":"CLARA M. MOSQUERA-LOPEZ","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-2490","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-2490"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Clara Mosquera-Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence for Medical Systems (AIMS) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S. Bond Avenue, Portland, 97239, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-2490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence for Medical Systems (AIMS) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S. Bond Avenue, Portland, 97239, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023914311","https://openalex.org/A5072955422"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"],"apc_list":{"value":3180,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3180},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"3","first_page":"619","last_page":"635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-twin","display_name":"digital twin","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-insulin-dynamics","display_name":"glucose-insulin dynamics","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-glucose-tolerance-test","display_name":"oral glucose tolerance test","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-in-range","display_name":"time in range","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-below-range","display_name":"time below range","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-above-range","display_name":"time above range","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-based-sensitivity-analysis","display_name":"variance-based sensitivity analysis","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-individual-variability","display_name":"interindividual variability","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainable-models","display_name":"explainable models","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.732200026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6414999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5705999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5705000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986379492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638492","display_name":"Continuous glucose monitoring","level":4,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48126324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276136","display_name":"Digital polymerase chain reaction","level":4,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019316490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7685903","display_name":"Target range","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017594256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin sensitivity","level":4,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bbe.2026.08.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2026.08.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2026.08.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137309422","display_name":"Journal of Applied Biomedicine","issn_l":"0208-5216","issn":["0208-5216","2391-467X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5126293078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2-SRA-2022-1273-S-B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F687319775","funder_display_name":"JDRF"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F687319775","display_name":"JDRF","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7060002116","display_name":"Breakthrough T1D","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964693647","https://openalex.org/W1970607508","https://openalex.org/W2054705093","https://openalex.org/W2054740476","https://openalex.org/W2085189887","https://openalex.org/W2099719924","https://openalex.org/W2137616878","https://openalex.org/W2171613573","https://openalex.org/W2177650849","https://openalex.org/W2413210310","https://openalex.org/W2569457803","https://openalex.org/W2742200852","https://openalex.org/W2797028716","https://openalex.org/W2948261890","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3019745372","https://openalex.org/W3031602164","https://openalex.org/W3033283414","https://openalex.org/W3033855706","https://openalex.org/W3158321451","https://openalex.org/W3189742292","https://openalex.org/W3191307854","https://openalex.org/W4211058450","https://openalex.org/W4289593627","https://openalex.org/W4296802076","https://openalex.org/W4323568549","https://openalex.org/W4387400318","https://openalex.org/W4389116432","https://openalex.org/W4391261228","https://openalex.org/W4395465861","https://openalex.org/W4405948792","https://openalex.org/W4411863658","https://openalex.org/W4415191156","https://openalex.org/W7117472231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415191156","https://openalex.org/W7221758551","https://openalex.org/W4402624329","https://openalex.org/W4382343852","https://openalex.org/W7204938215","https://openalex.org/W7214305863","https://openalex.org/W7170692333","https://openalex.org/W7214646771","https://openalex.org/W7161591843","https://openalex.org/W7161542978"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-23T00:00:00"}