{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203984479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","title":"Epidemiology, factors associated with in-hospital survival, and outcomes of fall-related injuries in Mogadishu, Somalia: a retrospective cohort study","display_name":"Epidemiology, factors associated with in-hospital survival, and outcomes of fall-related injuries in Mogadishu, Somalia: a retrospective cohort study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203984479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026887055","display_name":"Hassan Adan Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-1333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-1333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156423","display_name":"Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fadqs53","country_code":"SO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156423"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Adan Ali Adan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia","Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, Somali National University, Afisyoni Road, Waberi, Mogadishu, Somalia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-1333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, Somali National University, Afisyoni Road, Waberi, Mogadishu, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147819234","display_name":"Ahmed Ali Isak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156423","display_name":"Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fadqs53","country_code":"SO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156423"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Ali Isak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002898156","display_name":"Gallad Dahir Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8569-8748","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8569-8748"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gallad Dahir Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, Somali National University, Afisyoni Road, Waberi, Mogadishu, Somalia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, Somali National University, Afisyoni Road, Waberi, Mogadishu, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026887055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251","https://openalex.org/I4387156423"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.5619999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.5619999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11824","display_name":"Injury Epidemiology and Prevention","score":0.3743000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fall-injuries","display_name":"fall-related injuries","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-hospital-survival","display_name":"hospital survival","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-epidemiology","display_name":"injury epidemiology","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-falls","display_name":"occupational falls","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polytrauma","display_name":"polytrauma","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism-of-injury","display_name":"injury mechanisms","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture","display_name":"fracture","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-and-neck-injuries","display_name":"head and neck injuries","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-hospital-mortality","display_name":"in-hospital mortality","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mogadishu","display_name":"Mogadishu","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somalia","display_name":"Somalia","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-prevention","display_name":"injury prevention","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-systems","display_name":"trauma systems","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-and-adolescents","display_name":"children and adolescents","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation-services","display_name":"rehabilitation services","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-safety-regulations","display_name":"occupational safety regulations","score":0.7490000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9563999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.7961000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.7013000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.6988999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.6000999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.5408999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5080999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.4772999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85004164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089964","display_name":"Injury Severity Score","level":4,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29139-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6973490062","https://openalex.org/W3195979628","https://openalex.org/W6938904309","https://openalex.org/W2124247977","https://openalex.org/W3148585618","https://openalex.org/W2590524166","https://openalex.org/W2127996177","https://openalex.org/W7163886007","https://openalex.org/W3170491751","https://openalex.org/W3038524297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fall-related":[0,242],"injuries":[1,36,71,186,225,243],"are":[2,113],"an":[3],"important":[4],"but":[5],"underrecognized":[6],"public":[7,247],"health":[8,47,248],"problem":[9],"in":[10,37,176,250,288],"Somalia,":[11],"where":[12],"epidemiological":[13],"evidence":[14],"remains":[15],"scarce.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18,42],"investigated":[19],"the":[20,50,167],"epidemiology,":[21],"clinical":[22,81],"characteristics,":[23,75],"factors":[24,100],"associated":[25,101,236,264],"with":[26,34,69,102,237,265],"in-hospital":[27,84,103,203,267],"survival,":[28],"and":[29,57,63,83,127,144,149,161,183,194,223,256,261,284],"outcomes":[30],"of":[31,92,98,131,156,178,240],"patients":[32,67,133],"presenting":[33,68],"fall-related":[35,70],"Mogadishu.":[38],"A":[39,129],"retrospective":[40],"cohort":[41],"was":[43,139,205],"conducted":[44],"using":[45,88,107],"electronic":[46],"records":[48],"from":[49,163],"Mogadishu":[51],"Somali-T\u00fcrkiye":[52],"Recep":[53],"Tayyip":[54],"Erdo\u011fan":[55],"Training":[56],"Research":[58],"Hospital":[59],"between":[60],"February":[61,64],"2024":[62],"2026.":[65],"Consecutive":[66],"were":[72,86,105,134,146,166,199,235,263],"included.":[73,135],"Demographic":[74],"injury":[76,79,170,276],"mechanisms,":[77],"anatomical":[78],"patterns,":[80],"outcomes,":[82],"complications":[85,197],"summarized":[87],"descriptive":[89],"statistics.":[90],"Because":[91],"sparse":[93],"mortality":[94,204],"events,":[95],"exploratory":[96],"analyses":[97],"baseline":[99],"survival":[104],"performed":[106],"Firth\u2019s":[108],"penalized":[109],"logistic":[110],"regression.":[111],"Results":[112],"presented":[114],"as":[115],"odds":[116,120,239],"ratios":[117,121],"(OR),":[118],"adjusted":[119],"(aOR),":[122],"95%":[123,217,229],"confidence":[124],"intervals":[125],"(CI),":[126],"p-values.":[128],"total":[130],"514":[132],"The":[136],"median":[137],"age":[138],"24":[140],"years":[141],"(IQR:":[142],"18\u201335),":[143],"56.2%":[145],"male.":[147],"Children":[148],"adolescents":[150],"(1\u201317":[151],"years)":[152],"accounted":[153],"for":[154],"42.0%":[155],"cases.":[157],"Ground-level":[158],"slips/trips":[159],"(49.8%)":[160],"falls":[162,213,260],"height":[164],"(33.7%)":[165],"most":[168],"common":[169,200],"mechanisms.":[171],"Fractures":[172],"or":[173],"dislocations":[174],"occurred":[175],"50.0%":[177],"patients,":[179],"while":[180],"head/neck":[181],"(31.7%)":[182],"lower-extremity":[184],"(31.5%)":[185],"predominated.":[187],"Chronic":[188],"pain":[189],"(31.5%),":[190],"psychological":[191],"trauma":[192,280,286],"(7.8%),":[193],"severe":[195],"systemic":[196],"(4.7%)":[198],"sequelae.":[201],"Overall":[202],"4.3%.":[206],"Exploratory":[207],"multivariable":[208],"analysis":[209],"demonstrated":[210],"that":[211],"workplace":[212],"(aOR":[214,226],"=":[215,221,227,233],"0.20,":[216],"CI:":[218,230],"0.04\u20130.88;":[219],"P":[220,232],"0.033)":[222],"multiple/polytrauma":[224],"0.089,":[228],"0.013\u20130.619;":[231],"0.014)":[234],"lower":[238],"survival.":[241,268],"impose":[244],"a":[245],"considerable":[246],"burden":[249],"Mogadishu,":[251],"disproportionately":[252],"affecting":[253],"children,":[254],"adolescents,":[255],"working-age":[257],"adults.":[258],"Occupational":[259],"polytrauma":[262],"poorer":[266],"These":[269],"findings":[270],"support":[271],"strengthening":[272],"occupational":[273],"safety":[274],"regulations,":[275],"prevention":[277],"strategies,":[278],"emergency":[279],"systems,":[281],"rehabilitation":[282],"services,":[283],"national":[285],"surveillance":[287],"Somalia.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-23T00:00:00"}
