{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203964992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.70058","title":"KSA Profiles for Standard Setting: A Generative AI Approach to Empirically Grounded Cut Score Evaluation","display_name":"KSA Profiles for Standard Setting: A Generative AI Approach to Empirically Grounded Cut Score Evaluation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203964992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.70058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jedm.70058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.70058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.70058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30638350","display_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","issn_l":"0022-0655","issn":["0022-0655","1745-3984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049936588","display_name":"Joseph H. Grochowalski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-2346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-2346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328317298","display_name":"College Board","ror":"https://ror.org/0405c6r31","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328317298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph H. Grochowalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College Board"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College Board","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328317298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147842629","display_name":"Claudia Ventura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Ventura","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016978011","display_name":"Merve Sara\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-7129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-7129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328317298","display_name":"College Board","ror":"https://ror.org/0405c6r31","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328317298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merve Sarac","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College Board"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College Board","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328317298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068787159","display_name":"Amy Hendrickson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0199-0640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0199-0640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328317298","display_name":"College Board","ror":"https://ror.org/0405c6r31","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328317298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Hendrickson","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College Board"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College Board","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328317298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049936588"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328317298"],"apc_list":{"value":3040,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3040},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.32420000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.32420000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.20749999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.12449999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-setting","display_name":"standard setting","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essay-scoring","display_name":"essay scoring","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ap-world-history","display_name":"AP World History","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-reasoning","display_name":"historical reasoning","score":0.9670000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5720999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19875794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207340","display_name":"Item response theory","level":3,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98347192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705804","display_name":"Test score","level":3,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173633133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw score","level":3,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65660741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3952743","display_name":"Score","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120894424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory data analysis","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20256973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050272","display_name":"Standard score","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/jedm.70058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.70058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.70058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30638350","display_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","issn_l":"0022-0655","issn":["0022-0655","1745-3984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W651160335","https://openalex.org/W1530181449","https://openalex.org/W1704942559","https://openalex.org/W1913957972","https://openalex.org/W1964218847","https://openalex.org/W1993245107","https://openalex.org/W2024509488","https://openalex.org/W2049346948","https://openalex.org/W2059024952","https://openalex.org/W2060423038","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2088477804","https://openalex.org/W2123551038","https://openalex.org/W2125027961","https://openalex.org/W2160643014","https://openalex.org/W2329362257","https://openalex.org/W2347091033","https://openalex.org/W2729734148","https://openalex.org/W2938704169","https://openalex.org/W3205205007","https://openalex.org/W4285429195","https://openalex.org/W4293512120","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4317036834","https://openalex.org/W4361001429","https://openalex.org/W4392669753","https://openalex.org/W7133224126","https://openalex.org/W7133231369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415889811","https://openalex.org/W7163042258","https://openalex.org/W4402692322","https://openalex.org/W7221802040","https://openalex.org/W7164498908","https://openalex.org/W7153310222","https://openalex.org/W7149944445","https://openalex.org/W7131842748","https://openalex.org/W4407842016","https://openalex.org/W4415043360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Standard":[1],"setting":[2],"for":[3],"essay\u2010based":[4],"assessments":[5],"often":[6],"relies":[7],"on":[8],"expert":[9],"judgment":[10],"and":[11,32,57,71,113,145,178],"performance\u2010level":[12],"descriptors,":[13],"but":[14],"these":[15],"sources":[16],"do":[17],"not":[18],"always":[19],"show":[20,128],"how":[21,158],"examinees":[22],"at":[23,96],"adjacent":[24],"score":[25,93,100,133,171],"levels":[26],"differ":[27],"in":[28],"the":[29,59,104,136,173,191],"knowledge,":[30,69],"skills,":[31,70],"abilities":[33,72],"(KSAs)":[34],"they":[35],"demonstrate.":[36,194],"This":[37],"study":[38],"introduces":[39],"a":[40,65,92,97,168,175],"method":[41],"that":[42,48,61,129,135,146],"uses":[43],"generative":[44],"AI":[45],"to":[46,109],"fill":[47],"gap.":[49],"A":[50],"large":[51],"language":[52],"model":[53],"reads":[54],"student":[55,63],"essays":[56],"estimates":[58,75],"likelihood":[60],"each":[62],"demonstrated":[64],"set":[66],"of":[67,82,153,161,181,190],"pre\u2010defined":[68],"(KSAs).":[73],"Those":[74],"are":[76,85],"then":[77],"summarized":[78],"as":[79,123],"KSA":[80,139],"profiles\u2014representations":[81],"which":[83],"competencies":[84],"characteristically":[86],"more":[87],"or":[88,95,185],"less":[89],"evident":[90],"within":[91],"region":[94],"proposed":[98,169,182],"cut":[99,121,170,183],"boundary.":[101],"To":[102],"demonstrate":[103],"method,":[105],"we":[106],"apply":[107],"it":[108],"AP":[110,114],"U.S.":[111],"History":[112,116],"World":[115],"essay":[117],"data":[118],"using":[119],"hypothetical":[120],"scores":[122,184],"an":[124],"exploratory":[125],"example.":[126],"Results":[127],"profiles":[130],"differed":[131],"across":[132,142],"levels,":[134],"same":[137],"broad":[138],"structure":[140],"emerged":[141],"both":[143],"subjects,":[144],"AI\u2010derived":[147],"measures":[148],"aligned":[149],"with":[150],"established":[151],"indicators":[152],"historical":[154],"reasoning.":[155],"We":[156],"discuss":[157],"this":[159],"kind":[160],"evidence":[162,189],"could":[163],"help":[164],"panels":[165],"evaluate":[166],"whether":[167],"captures":[172],"distinctions":[174],"policy":[176],"intends":[177],"inform":[179],"discussion":[180],"performance":[186],"expectations":[187],"considering":[188],"KSAs":[192],"students":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-23T00:00:00"}
