{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203963235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375","title":"Eyes on Attention: AI-Based Webcam Assessment of Sustained Attention","display_name":"Eyes on Attention: AI-Based Webcam Assessment of Sustained Attention","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203963235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047629367","display_name":"Anna Enrica Tosti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3884-4951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3884-4951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Enrica Tosti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3884-4951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078931178","display_name":"Mustafa Can Gursesli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-5551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-5551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Can Gursesli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-5551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041146231","display_name":"Mirko Duradoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-9484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-9484"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132817","display_name":"Mercatorum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03znjxt55","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132817"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Duradoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human and Social Sciences, Mercatorum University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-9484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, Mercatorum University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132817"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068502361","display_name":"Giulia Colombini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-3113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-3113"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Colombini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-3113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136663484","display_name":"Martina Uccheddu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7090-3823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7090-3823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina Uccheddu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051359789","display_name":"Ruck Thawonmas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-5828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-5828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruck Thawonmas","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040595723","display_name":"Antonio Lanat\u00e0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-5952","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-5952"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Lanata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082078862","display_name":"Ibrahim Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5890-2346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5890-2346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083317952","display_name":"Daniel Fern\u00e1ndez Galeote","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-146X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-146X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Fern\u00e1ndez Galeote","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-146X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039382653","display_name":"Juho Hamari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6573-588X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6573-588X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juho Hamari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6573-588X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080325173","display_name":"Carla Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1036-963X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1036-963X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201025148","display_name":"Universidade Aberta","ror":"https://ror.org/02rv3w387","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201025148"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carla Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Distance Education and eLearning, Universidade Aberta"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1036-963X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Distance Education and eLearning, Universidade Aberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201025148"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049461499","display_name":"Andrea Guazzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-4461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-4461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Guazzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-4461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078931178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63785037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.6439999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.6439999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.21629999577999115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.04659999907016754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-attention","display_name":"sustained attention","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-assessment","display_name":"attention assessment","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"eye tracking","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-cognitive-testing","display_name":"remote cognitive testing","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4706000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778949103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600717","display_name":"Staring","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:2a1c2bf8-6658-4db5-b042-d232fba363d9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/egxvq","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2026.2751375?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203963235.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203963235.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128935433","https://openalex.org/W7111689260","https://openalex.org/W7061579631","https://openalex.org/W7066848348","https://openalex.org/W7047993753","https://openalex.org/W7111674157","https://openalex.org/W7026634168","https://openalex.org/W7006277657","https://openalex.org/W6887738202","https://openalex.org/W7210861193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examined":[2],"the":[3,35,92],"feasibility":[4],"of":[5,47],"an":[6],"artificial":[7],"intelligence":[8],"system":[9],"using":[10],"webcam":[11],"eye":[12],"tracking":[13],"to":[14,113],"estimate":[15],"sustained":[16],"attention":[17],"performance.":[18,83],"In":[19],"a":[20,44,101],"controlled":[21],"laboratory":[22,135],"study,":[23],"129":[24],"participants":[25],"(mean":[26],"age:":[27],"25.98":[28],"\u00b1":[29],"2.07":[30],"years;":[31],"83.7%":[32],"female)":[33],"completed":[34],"AX":[36],"Continuous":[37],"Performance":[38,40],"Task.":[39],"was":[41],"operationalized":[42],"as":[43],"reciprocal-log":[45],"index":[46],"correct-response":[48],"reaction":[49],"time,":[50],"with":[51,82,137],"higher":[52],"values":[53],"indicating":[54],"faster":[55,114],"responses.":[56],"Six":[57],"visual":[58],"scanning":[59],"features":[60,90,130],"were":[61,67],"captured,":[62],"and":[63,71,116,119],"five":[64],"composite":[65,86],"models":[66],"compared:":[68],"one":[69],"literature-based":[70],"four":[72],"derived":[73],"from":[74],"experimental":[75],"data.":[76],"All":[77],"showed":[78],"significant":[79],"in-sample":[80,94],"associations":[81],"The":[84],"weighted":[85],"incorporating":[87],"all":[88],"six":[89],"provided":[91],"best":[93],"fit,":[95],"but":[96],"participant-level":[97],"split-half":[98],"cross-validation":[99],"yielded":[100],"modest":[102],"out-of-sample":[103],"association":[104],"(r":[105],"=":[106],"0.19).":[107],"Univariate":[108],"analyses":[109],"linked":[110],"better":[111],"performance":[112],"jumps":[115],"lower":[117],"length":[118],"speed":[120],"irregularity.":[121],"These":[122],"findings":[123],"provide":[124],"preliminary":[125],"evidence":[126],"for":[127],"webcam-derived":[128],"gaze":[129],"in":[131],"cognitive":[132],"assessment":[133],"under":[134],"conditions,":[136],"further":[138],"validation":[139],"needed":[140],"before":[141],"integration":[142],"into":[143],"human\u2013computer":[144],"interaction":[145],"applications.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-08-22T00:00:00"}
