{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203960472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.11474","title":"Fundamentals of Energy-Efficient Hardware Configurations for Wireless Links with Sleep Modes","display_name":"Fundamentals of Energy-Efficient Hardware Configurations for Wireless Links with Sleep Modes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203960472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.11474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.11474","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11474","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.11474","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.11474","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018625523","display_name":"Anders Enqvist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-1710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-1710"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enqvist, Anders","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030697206","display_name":"\u00d6zlem Tu\u011ffe Demir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-2799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-2799"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demir, \u00d6zlem Tu\u011ffe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006937058","display_name":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek \u00c7avdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0525-4491","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0525-4491"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cavdar, Cicek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062293532","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rnson, Emil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.8999000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.8999000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.06679999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"base station","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-antenna-systems","display_name":"multiple antennas","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-mode","display_name":"sleep mode","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption-model","display_name":"power consumption model","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmit-power","display_name":"transmission power","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"bandwidth","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"quality of service","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slow-wave-sleep","display_name":"slow-wave sleep","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle-mode","display_name":"idle mode","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency-constraints","display_name":"delay constraints","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-connectivity","display_name":"wireless connectivity","score":0.5740000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.7009000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57149124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587346","display_name":"Sleep mode","level":4,"score":0.6798999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5940999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5902000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5616000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168292644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860336","display_name":"Power optimization","level":4,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118993495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042828","display_name":"Electrical efficiency","level":3,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34556337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295986","display_name":"Effective radiated power","level":3,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186394612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098942","display_name":"Optimal design","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149768029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Power budget","level":4,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.11474","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11474","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.11474","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:kth-387266","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-387266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.11474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.11474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.11474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.11474","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11474","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.11474","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203960472.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203960472.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402834908","https://openalex.org/W2059787236","https://openalex.org/W7203962237","https://openalex.org/W2006377431","https://openalex.org/W7130395264","https://openalex.org/W4401567253","https://openalex.org/W2038891561","https://openalex.org/W2057306046","https://openalex.org/W2030588171","https://openalex.org/W4415328894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,228],"examine":[4],"the":[5,27,33,37,50,59,68,88,92,97,106,134,169,194,204,211,217,220,239],"energy":[6],"efficiency":[7],"(EE)":[8],"of":[9,32,39,56,71,117,122,182,219],"a":[10,19,83,113,162,262],"base":[11],"station":[12],"(BS)":[13],"with":[14,246],"multiple":[15],"antennas.":[16],"We":[17,62,127,166,192],"use":[18],"state-of-the-art":[20],"power":[21,72,77,90,95,152],"consumption":[22],"(PC)":[23],"model":[24],"that":[25,105,131,253],"captures":[26],"passive":[28,45],"and":[29,44,54,76,81,124,145,158,177,189,201,215,233,259],"active":[30,213],"parts":[31],"transceiver":[34,94],"circuitry,":[35],"including":[36],"effects":[38],"radiated":[40,89],"power,":[41,52],"signal":[42],"processing,":[43],"consumption.":[46],"The":[47],"paper":[48],"treats":[49],"transmit":[51,79],"bandwidth,":[53],"number":[55],"antennas":[57,161],"as":[58,261],"optimization":[60,170],"variables.":[61],"provide":[63,146],"novel":[64],"closed-form":[65],"solutions":[66],"for":[67,198,243],"optimal":[69,157,195,240],"ratios":[70],"per":[73,78],"unit":[74],"bandwidth":[75,155],"antenna,":[80],"discover":[82],"new":[84],"relationship":[85],"in":[86],"which":[87,207],"equals":[91],"total":[93],"at":[96,210],"EE-optimal":[98,107,212],"operating":[99],"point.":[100],"A":[101],"central":[102],"finding":[103],"is":[104,156,222],"signal-to-noise":[108],"ratio":[109],"(SNR)":[110],"collapses":[111],"to":[112,138,172],"universal":[114],"numerical":[115],"constant":[116],"approximately":[118],"5.93":[119],"dB,":[120],"independent":[121],"channel":[123],"hardware":[125,196],"parameters.":[126],"present":[128],"an":[129],"algorithm":[130],"jointly":[132,237],"optimizes":[133],"three":[135,178],"design":[136],"variables":[137],"achieve":[139],"maximum":[140,151,154],"EE":[141],"under":[142],"practical":[143],"constraints,":[144],"analytical":[147],"insight":[148],"into":[149],"whether":[150],"or":[153],"how":[159,230],"many":[160],"BS":[163],"should":[164],"utilize.":[165],"further":[167],"extend":[168],"framework":[171],"incorporate":[173],"quality-of-service":[174],"(QoS)":[175],"requirements":[176],"advanced":[179],"sleep":[180,241,260],"modes":[181],"varying":[183],"depth:":[184],"absolute":[185,247],"sleep,":[186,188],"deep":[187],"idle":[190],"mode.":[191],"characterize":[193],"configuration":[197,214],"each":[199],"mode":[200,242],"determine":[202],"when":[203],"rush-to-sleep":[205],"strategy,":[206],"transmits":[208],"briefly":[209],"sleeps":[216],"rest":[218],"time,":[221],"optimal.":[223],"Incorporating":[224],"wake-up":[225],"transition":[226,235],"delays,":[227],"reveal":[229],"latency":[231],"constraints":[232],"sleep-mode-specific":[234],"times":[236],"dictate":[238],"data":[244],"packets":[245],"deadlines.":[248],"Together,":[249],"these":[250],"results":[251],"indicate":[252],"energy-efficient":[254],"operation":[255],"requires":[256],"treating":[257],"transmission":[258],"single":[263],"coupled":[264],"optimization.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-08-22T00:00:00"}
