{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203945641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021","title":"Designing a Multi-Criteria Decision Framework for Enterprise Language Model Adaptation","display_name":"Designing a Multi-Criteria Decision Framework for Enterprise Language Model Adaptation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203945641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021","pdf_url":"https://www.ijsrat.com/index.php/ijsrat/article/download/234/225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053888","display_name":"International Journal of Science Research and Technology","issn_l":"2454-3853","issn":["2454-3853"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323238129","host_organization_name":"Ess And Ess Research Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323238129"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ess And Ess Research Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Science, Research and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.ijsrat.com/index.php/ijsrat/article/download/234/225","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041257247","display_name":"Karan Nisar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karan Nisar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041257247"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"06","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.7782999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.7782999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11734","display_name":"Decision Support System Applications","score":0.12200000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.0215000007301569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-criteria-decision-making","display_name":"multi-criteria decision making","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-framework","display_name":"decision support framework","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prompt-engineering","display_name":"prompt engineering","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrieval-augmented-generation","display_name":"retrieval-augmented generation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytic-hierarchy-process","display_name":"analytic hierarchy process","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-analysis","display_name":"uncertainty analysis","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceptance-testing","display_name":"acceptance testing","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-function","display_name":"value function","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5774999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.5748999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5001999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4778999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186116695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249226","display_name":"Decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984634286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision process","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59594135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249242","display_name":"Decision model","level":2,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11105738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895805","display_name":"Multiple-criteria decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115988155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3262192","display_name":"Decision problem","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28901747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177571","display_name":"Decision theory","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49848784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131714","display_name":"Archetype","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137402852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249239","display_name":"Decision matrix","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021","pdf_url":"https://www.ijsrat.com/index.php/ijsrat/article/download/234/225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053888","display_name":"International Journal of Science Research and Technology","issn_l":"2454-3853","issn":["2454-3853"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323238129","host_organization_name":"Ess And Ess Research Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323238129"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ess And Ess Research Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Science, Research and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15662/ijsrat.2025.0806021","pdf_url":"https://www.ijsrat.com/index.php/ijsrat/article/download/234/225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053888","display_name":"International Journal of Science Research and Technology","issn_l":"2454-3853","issn":["2454-3853"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323238129","host_organization_name":"Ess And Ess Research Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323238129"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ess And Ess Research Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Science, Research and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203945641.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203945641.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59413458","https://openalex.org/W2036962258","https://openalex.org/W2136922540","https://openalex.org/W2585206336","https://openalex.org/W2922234936","https://openalex.org/W3104128335","https://openalex.org/W3151685851","https://openalex.org/W4360995249","https://openalex.org/W4388886073","https://openalex.org/W4389520385","https://openalex.org/W4389520756","https://openalex.org/W4391876619","https://openalex.org/W4392487838","https://openalex.org/W4393147129","https://openalex.org/W4401042753","https://openalex.org/W4401042808","https://openalex.org/W4402670850","https://openalex.org/W4402671555","https://openalex.org/W4404782930","https://openalex.org/W4404783788","https://openalex.org/W4408741600","https://openalex.org/W4408985641","https://openalex.org/W4411630045","https://openalex.org/W4412886690","https://openalex.org/W4415797413","https://openalex.org/W7133233472","https://openalex.org/W7166291051","https://openalex.org/W7203867818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7203867818","https://openalex.org/W7203856439","https://openalex.org/W7138945257","https://openalex.org/W7209934830","https://openalex.org/W7130730641","https://openalex.org/W7163272246","https://openalex.org/W7161537111","https://openalex.org/W4415974352","https://openalex.org/W7215044102","https://openalex.org/W7164323186"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enterprises":[0],"do":[1],"not":[2,150],"choose":[3,17],"among":[4],"prompt":[5],"engineering,":[6],"retrieval-augmented":[7],"generation":[8],"(RAG),":[9],"fine-tuning,":[10],"and":[11,26,45,68,87,110,125,140,147,172],"hybrids":[12],"in":[13,129],"the":[14,55,105,130],"abstract.":[15],"They":[16,143],"deployable":[18],"combinations":[19],"of":[20],"model,":[21],"context,":[22],"behaviour":[23],"control,":[24],"orchestration,":[25],"serving":[27],"under":[28],"task-specific":[29],"constraints.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"presents":[33],"E-LADF":[34],"2.0,":[35],"a":[36,50,59,100,112,156,176],"design-science":[37],"decision":[38,177],"artefact":[39],"for":[40],"configuration-level":[41,157],"feasibility,":[42],"value":[43,73],"functions,":[44],"robustness.":[46],"It":[47],"begins":[48],"with":[49,75,168],"registered":[51],"acceptance":[52],"test,":[53],"diagnoses":[54],"locked":[56],"baseline,":[57],"freezes":[58],"causally":[60],"plausible":[61],"configuration":[62,91],"shortlist,":[63],"applies":[64],"noncompensatory":[65],"feasibility":[66],"gates,":[67],"then":[69],"combines":[70],"anchored":[71],"0-to-100":[72],"functions":[74],"analytic":[76],"hierarchy":[77],"process":[78],"weights.":[79],"A":[80,90],"bounded":[81],"uncertainty":[82,126,174],"analysis":[83],"perturbs":[84],"criterion":[85,123],"weights":[86],"performance":[88],"values.":[89],"is":[92,155],"recommended":[93],"only":[94],"when":[95],"its":[96],"worst-case":[97],"advantage":[98],"exceeds":[99],"predeclared":[101],"practical":[102],"difference;":[103],"otherwise":[104],"framework":[106],"returns":[107],"\u2018not":[108],"separated\u2019":[109],"prescribes":[111],"targeted":[113],"pilot.":[114],"Five":[115],"constructed":[116],"scenarios":[117],"directly":[118],"supply":[119],"every":[120],"partial":[121,170],"value,":[122],"weight,":[124],"input":[127],"used":[128],"arithmetic":[131],"and,":[132],"by":[133],"design,":[134],"exercise":[135],"prompt,":[136],"RAG,":[137],"PEFT,":[138],"hybrid,":[139],"abstention":[141],"outcomes.":[142],"demonstrate":[144],"execution,":[145],"traceability,":[146],"edge-case":[148],"handling,":[149],"empirical":[151],"effectiveness.":[152],"The":[153],"contribution":[154],"procedure":[158],"that":[159],"separates":[160],"constraints":[161],"from":[162],"preferences,":[163],"replaces":[164],"universal":[165],"archetype":[166],"scores":[167],"case-specific":[169],"values,":[171],"treats":[173],"as":[175],"outcome.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-22T00:00:00"}
