{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203944702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","title":"Anxiety, depression, and sexual dysfunction in drug-naive female migraine patients: a case-control study","display_name":"Anxiety, depression, and sexual dysfunction in drug-naive female migraine patients: a case-control study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203944702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120289491","display_name":"BMC Neurology","issn_l":"1471-2377","issn":["1471-2377"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052649062","display_name":"\u0130brahim \u00dcntan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-3625","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-3625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204483917","display_name":"Ahi Evran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrfpt58","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204483917"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0130brahim \u00dcntan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u0131r\u015fehir Ahi Evran University, K\u0131r\u015fehir, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-3625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u0131r\u015fehir Ahi Evran University, K\u0131r\u015fehir, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204483917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007653112","display_name":"Aysu Yeti\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-0848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-0848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204483917","display_name":"Ahi Evran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrfpt58","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204483917"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aysu Yeti\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u0131r\u015fehir Ahi Evran University, K\u0131r\u015fehir, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-0848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u0131r\u015fehir Ahi Evran University, K\u0131r\u015fehir, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204483917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134685019","display_name":"Sultan Untan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2085-4732","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2085-4732"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204483917","display_name":"Ahi Evran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrfpt58","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204483917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114532","display_name":"S.B. Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kd649","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114532"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128276","display_name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7bde87","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sultan \u00dcntan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren Atat\u00fcrk Sanatoryum Training and Research Hospital, Sanatoryum Cad. P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 Mah. Ardahan Sok. No: 25, P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131/Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren, 06290, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye","Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u0131r\u015fehir Ahi Evran University, K\u0131r\u015fehir, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2085-4732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren Atat\u00fcrk Sanatoryum Training and Research Hospital, Sanatoryum Cad. P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 Mah. Ardahan Sok. No: 25, P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131/Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren, 06290, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114532","https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u0131r\u015fehir Ahi Evran University, K\u0131r\u015fehir, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204483917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005953133","display_name":"Asuman \u00c7elikbilek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-1128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-1128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204483917","display_name":"Ahi Evran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrfpt58","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204483917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128276","display_name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7bde87","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255448","display_name":"Sincan Training and Research Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/030z8x523","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303077703","https://openalex.org/I4405255448"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asuman \u00c7elikbilek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u0131r\u015fehir Ahi Evran University, K\u0131r\u015fehir, T\u00fcrkiye","Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Sincan Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-1128","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u0131r\u015fehir Ahi Evran University, K\u0131r\u015fehir, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204483917"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Sincan Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276","https://openalex.org/I4405255448"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5134685019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204483917","https://openalex.org/I4210114532","https://openalex.org/I4210128276"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10498","display_name":"Migraine and Headache Studies","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10498","display_name":"Migraine and Headache Studies","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10459","display_name":"Sexual function and dysfunction studies","score":0.08129999786615372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10852","display_name":"Temporomandibular Joint Disorders","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migraine","display_name":"migraine","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-sexual-dysfunction","display_name":"female sexual dysfunction","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-comorbidity","display_name":"psychiatric comorbidity","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-naive-patients","display_name":"drug-naive patients","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation-analysis","display_name":"mediation analysis","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-migraine","display_name":"chronic migraine","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/episodic-migraine","display_name":"episodic migraine","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health","display_name":"women's health","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-function","display_name":"sexual function","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-pain-comorbidity","display_name":"chronic pain comorbidity","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-sexual-function-index","display_name":"Female Sexual Function Index","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beck-anxiety-inventory","display_name":"Beck Anxiety Inventory","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beck-depression-inventory","display_name":"Beck Depression Inventory","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ichd-3-criteria","display_name":"ICHD-3 criteria","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-headache","display_name":"primary headache","score":0.48899999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133823","display_name":"Migraine","level":2,"score":0.8985000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7275000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775871022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7458776","display_name":"Sexual function","level":2,"score":0.6448000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6014999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778093883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137463","display_name":"Sexual dysfunction","level":2,"score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776710140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241252","display_name":"Female sexual dysfunction","level":3,"score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776653193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4878596","display_name":"Beck Anxiety Inventory","level":4,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16568411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Neurology","level":2,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779631380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q813655","display_name":"Beck Depression Inventory","level":3,"score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4544999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777092991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107654","display_name":"Sexual desire","level":3,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5887","display_name":"Orgasm","level":3,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53813258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154136","display_name":"Human sexuality","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64946054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874476","display_name":"Bayesian multivariate linear regression","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777119127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423866","display_name":"Triptans","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120289491","display_name":"BMC Neurology","issn_l":"1471-2377","issn":["1471-2377"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-026-05241-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120289491","display_name":"BMC Neurology","issn_l":"1471-2377","issn":["1471-2377"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111203572","https://openalex.org/W1537183958","https://openalex.org/W3088783931","https://openalex.org/W7127136727","https://openalex.org/W2886934419","https://openalex.org/W2934692374","https://openalex.org/W2105127661","https://openalex.org/W3013783754","https://openalex.org/W4387343945","https://openalex.org/W4385341687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Migraine":[2,159],"is":[3],"a":[4,262,329],"prevalent":[5],"neurological":[6],"disorder":[7],"associated":[8],"with":[9],"psychiatric":[10],"comorbidities":[11,65,346],"including":[12],"anxiety":[13],"and":[14,26,47,54,57,85,96,116,139,145,155,175,188,283,308,344],"depression.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,27,60,107,150,252,318,336],"impact":[18],"of":[19,30,63,210,215,251,305,320,338],"migraine":[20,52,78,211,231,260,289,299,321,326,349],"on":[21,322],"sexual":[22,48,68,123,156,309,323,342],"function":[23,49],"in":[24,37,66,208,347],"women":[25],"mediating":[28,61],"role":[29,62],"psychological":[31,64,345],"factors":[32],"remain":[33],"poorly":[34],"characterized,":[35],"particularly":[36],"drug-naive":[38,76],"patients.":[39,350],"This":[40,71],"study":[41,73],"aimed":[42],"to":[43,58,82,203,312],"compare":[44],"anxiety,":[45,306],"depression,":[46,154,307],"between":[50,152,277],"female":[51,77,88,298,348],"patients":[53,79,160,212,300],"healthy":[55,313],"controls,":[56],"evaluate":[59],"migraine-associated":[67],"dysfunction.":[69],"Methods":[70],"case-control":[72],"enrolled":[74],"85":[75],"diagnosed":[80],"according":[81],"ICHD-3":[83],"criteria":[84],"116":[86],"headache-free":[87],"controls":[89,216],"from":[90],"K\u0131r\u015fehir":[91],"Ahi":[92],"Evran":[93],"University":[94],"Hospital":[95],"affiliated":[97],"primary":[98],"care":[99],"family":[100],"health":[101],"centers,":[102],"T\u00fcrkiye.":[103],"All":[104,221],"participants":[105],"completed":[106],"Beck":[108,112],"Anxiety":[109],"Inventory":[110,114],"(BAI),":[111],"Depression":[113,315],"(BDI),":[115],"Female":[117,122],"Sexual":[118],"Function":[119],"Index":[120],"(FSFI).":[121],"dysfunction":[124,310,343],"(FSD)":[125],"was":[126,206,294],"defined":[127],"as":[128],"FSFI":[129,190,223,235],"score":[130],"<":[131,173,186,200,241],"26.55.":[132],"Group":[133],"comparisons":[134],"used":[135],"Mann\u2013Whitney":[136],"U":[137],"tests":[138],"chi-square":[140],"tests.":[141],"Multiple":[142],"linear":[143],"regression":[144],"bootstrapped":[146],"mediation":[147],"analysis":[148,244],"assessed":[149],"relationships":[151],"migraine,":[153],"function.":[157],"Results":[158],"had":[161],"significantly":[162,226,302],"higher":[163,303],"BAI":[164],"(23.5":[165],"\u00b1":[166,170,179,183,193,197],"12.5":[167],"vs.":[168,181,195],"12.4":[169],"8.9,":[171],"p":[172,185,199,218,240,269],"0.001)":[174,201],"BDI":[176],"scores":[177,191,236],"(17.4":[178],"9.5":[180],"11.2":[182],"7.7,":[184],"0.001),":[187],"lower":[189,234],"(21.8":[192],"5.6":[194],"25.5":[196],"4.7,":[198],"compared":[202,311],"controls.":[204,314],"FSD":[205],"present":[207],"76.5%":[209],"versus":[213],"60.3%":[214],"(":[217,279,285],"=":[219,238,257,267,270,281,287],"0.024).":[220],"six":[222],"subdomains":[224],"were":[225,275],"impaired.":[227],"In":[228],"multivariate":[229],"analysis,":[230],"independently":[232],"predicted":[233],"(\u03b2":[237],"\u22123.40,":[239],"0.001).":[242],"Mediation":[243],"revealed":[245],"that":[246],"depression":[247],"accounted":[248],"for":[249,341],"34.0%":[250],"total":[253],"effect":[254,256,265,319],"(indirect":[255],"\u22121.15),":[258],"while":[259],"retained":[261],"significant":[263,273],"direct":[264],"(c\u2032":[266],"\u22122.24,":[268],"0.028).":[271],"No":[272],"differences":[274],"detected":[276],"chronic":[278],"n":[280,286],"25)":[282],"episodic":[284],"60)":[288],"subgroups,":[290],"though":[291],"this":[292],"comparison":[293],"underpowered.":[295],"Conclusions":[296],"Drug-naive":[297],"exhibit":[301],"rates":[304],"partially":[316],"mediates":[317],"function,":[324],"but":[325],"also":[327],"exerts":[328],"direct,":[330],"independent":[331],"effect.":[332],"These":[333],"findings":[334],"highlight":[335],"importance":[337],"routine":[339],"screening":[340]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-08-22T00:00:00"}
