{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203902873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357","title":"A Comparison of Sanctions for Non-Compliance with the Disclosure of Origin Requirement in Patent Law and Its Relevance to Shari'ah Principles","display_name":"A Comparison of Sanctions for Non-Compliance with the Disclosure of Origin Requirement in Patent Law and Its Relevance to Shari'ah Principles","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203902873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357","pdf_url":"https://juna.nusantarajournal.com/index.php/juna/article/download/357/202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055923","display_name":"Nusantara Journal of Law Studies","issn_l":"2964-3384","issn":["2964-3384"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nusantara: Journal of Law Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://juna.nusantarajournal.com/index.php/juna/article/download/357/202","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017511406","display_name":"Efridani Lubis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-5406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-5406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129602","display_name":"Universitas Islam As-Syafi'iyah","ror":"https://ror.org/0346k5011","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129602"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Efridani Lubis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam As-Syafi\u2019iyah, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam As-Syafi\u2019iyah, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114577366","display_name":"Sukamto Kusnadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129602","display_name":"Universitas Islam As-Syafi'iyah","ror":"https://ror.org/0346k5011","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129602"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukamto Kusnadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam As-Syafi\u2019iyah, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam As-Syafi\u2019iyah, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021216628","display_name":"Winahyu Erwiningsih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6331-622X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6331-622X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129602","display_name":"Universitas Islam As-Syafi'iyah","ror":"https://ror.org/0346k5011","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129602"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winahyu Erwiningsih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam As-Syafi\u2019iyah, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam As-Syafi\u2019iyah, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147697836","display_name":"Noor Nadher Zghair","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112982808","display_name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/020ast312","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112982808"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor Nadher Zghair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112982808"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"1309","last_page":"1333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12652","display_name":"International Maritime Law Issues","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanctions-for-non-compliance","display_name":"sanctions for non-compliance","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sharia-principles","display_name":"sharia principles","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-and-benefit-sharing","display_name":"access and benefit sharing","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-validity","display_name":"patent validity","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-knowledge","display_name":"traditional knowledge","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-resources","display_name":"genetic resources","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proportionality","display_name":"proportionality","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justice-adl","display_name":"justice ('adl)","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-transparency","display_name":"administrative transparency","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-enforcement","display_name":"patent enforcement","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brazil","display_name":"Brazil","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switzerland","display_name":"Switzerland","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesia","display_name":"Indonesia","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduated-sanctions","display_name":"graduated sanctions","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.8615999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6348000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.6011000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.4223000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097921","display_name":"Safeguarding","level":2,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.3698999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776475305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29627","display_name":"Public interest","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777293324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337349","display_name":"Honesty","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183763965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603959","display_name":"Proportionality (law)","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71043370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4932206","display_name":"Jurisprudence","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129631789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334173","display_name":"Opportunism","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115910719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059844","display_name":"Patent troll","level":4,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60643870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949683","display_name":"Deterrence theory","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357","pdf_url":"https://juna.nusantarajournal.com/index.php/juna/article/download/357/202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055923","display_name":"Nusantara Journal of Law Studies","issn_l":"2964-3384","issn":["2964-3384"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nusantara: Journal of Law Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:juna.nusantarajournal.com:article/357","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://juna.nusantarajournal.com/index.php/juna/article/view/357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055923","display_name":"Nusantara Journal of Law Studies","issn_l":"2964-3384","issn":["2964-3384"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i2.357","pdf_url":"https://juna.nusantarajournal.com/index.php/juna/article/download/357/202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055923","display_name":"Nusantara Journal of Law Studies","issn_l":"2964-3384","issn":["2964-3384"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nusantara: Journal of Law Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203902873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203902873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910910070","https://openalex.org/W3200473675","https://openalex.org/W4361223867","https://openalex.org/W4377565371","https://openalex.org/W4382397012","https://openalex.org/W4386030665","https://openalex.org/W4389568996","https://openalex.org/W4390843568","https://openalex.org/W4401232863","https://openalex.org/W4403960780","https://openalex.org/W4413503446","https://openalex.org/W4415944961","https://openalex.org/W4417101976","https://openalex.org/W7133526160","https://openalex.org/W7167724522","https://openalex.org/W7171826898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2190786416","https://openalex.org/W7166544367","https://openalex.org/W7033765379","https://openalex.org/W2080985682","https://openalex.org/W1548888407","https://openalex.org/W7015345021","https://openalex.org/W2380536541","https://openalex.org/W3044966954","https://openalex.org/W7154006836","https://openalex.org/W2262075163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,202],"article":[1,187,221],"analyses":[2],"how":[3],"India,":[4],"Brazil,":[5],"Switzerland,":[6],"and":[7,20,28,48,56,82,137,157,171,175,199,216,229,243],"Indonesia":[8,113],"design":[9,81,228],"sanctions":[10,141,162],"for":[11,24,58],"non-compliance":[12],"with":[13,46],"origin":[14],"disclosure":[15,76],"obligations":[16,150],"under":[17],"patent":[18,59,87,218],"law":[19],"examines":[21],"their":[22],"implications":[23,57],"fairness,":[25],"administrative":[26,94,110],"feasibility,":[27],"benefit-sharing.":[29],"It":[30],"employs":[31],"a":[32,98,118,124,189,205,223,238],"normative-doctrinal":[33],"legal":[34,43,248],"approach":[35,207],"using":[36],"comparative":[37,224],"analysis":[38,240],"based":[39],"on":[40,183],"five":[41],"indicators:":[42],"basis,":[44],"relationship":[45],"access":[47],"benefit-sharing":[49,245],"regimes,":[50],"types":[51],"of":[52,75,132,140,154,168,226,241],"sanctions,":[53],"institutional":[54,231],"design,":[55],"validity.":[60],"The":[61,220],"findings":[62],"show":[63],"that":[64],"differences":[65],"among":[66],"these":[67,127,184],"countries":[68],"lie":[69],"not":[70],"primarily":[71],"in":[72,79],"the":[73,138,143,152,165,177,186],"existence":[74],"obligations,":[77],"but":[78],"sanction":[80,227],"its":[83,230],"normative":[84,211],"function:":[85],"safeguarding":[86],"validity,":[88],"ensuring":[89],"biodiversity":[90],"compliance,":[91],"or":[92],"promoting":[93],"transparency.":[95],"India":[96],"represents":[97],"stringent":[99],"patent-enforcement":[100],"model;":[101,107],"Brazil":[102],"demonstrates":[103],"an":[104],"integrated":[105],"biodiversity-compliance":[106],"Switzerland":[108],"emphasises":[109],"transparency;":[111],"while":[112,160,233],"remains":[114],"largely":[115],"declarative,":[116],"without":[117,213],"fully":[119],"operational":[120],"enforcement":[121,192],"framework.":[122],"From":[123],"Shari'ah":[125],"perspective,":[126],"variations":[128],"reflect":[129],"different":[130],"applications":[131],"justice":[133,242],"('adl),":[134],"proportionality":[135],"(al-tan\u0101sub),":[136],"appropriateness":[139],"to":[142],"offence":[144],"(al-jaz\u0101'":[145],"min":[146],"jins":[147],"al-'amal).":[148],"Disclosure":[149],"embody":[151],"principles":[153],"honesty":[155],"(\u1e63idq)":[156],"trustworthiness":[158],"(am\u0101nah),":[159],"effective":[161],"help":[163],"prevent":[164],"illegitimate":[166],"exploitation":[167],"genetic":[169],"resources":[170],"traditional":[172],"knowledge":[173],"(ghasb)":[174],"promote":[176],"public":[178],"interest":[179],"(ma\u1e63la\u1e25ah":[180],"'\u0101mmah).":[181],"Based":[182],"findings,":[185],"proposes":[188],"post-treaty":[190],"hybrid":[191],"model":[193,203],"combining":[194],"differentiated":[195],"enforcement,":[196],"inter-institutional":[197],"verification,":[198],"graduated":[200],"sanctions.":[201],"offers":[204],"proportionate":[206],"by":[208],"avoiding":[209],"both":[210],"symbolism":[212],"coercive":[214],"force":[215],"automatic":[217],"revocation.":[219],"contributes":[222],"typology":[225],"consequences,":[232],"extending":[234],"origin-disclosure":[235],"scholarship":[236],"through":[237],"Shari'ah-based":[239],"equitable":[244],"across":[246],"diverse":[247],"systems.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-22T00:00:00"}