{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203879573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51224/sportrxiv.980","title":"Indirect Estimation of the First Ventilatory Threshold in Beta-Blocked Cardiac Patients: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study","display_name":"Indirect Estimation of the First Ventilatory Threshold in Beta-Blocked Cardiac Patients: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203879573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51224/sportrxiv.980"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.51224/sportrxiv.980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51224/sportrxiv.980","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51224/sportrxiv.980","pdf_url":"https://sportrxiv.org/index.php/server/preprint/download/980/2238/2133","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://sportrxiv.org/index.php/server/preprint/download/980/2238/2133","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140531237","display_name":"CHEMINEAU Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8678-8016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8678-8016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019448017","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/017h5q109","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019448017"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147779","display_name":"Institut des Maladies M\u00e9taboliques et Cardiovasculaires","ror":"https://ror.org/04d73z393","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210147779","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258862","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01ahyrz84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin CHEMINEAU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit\u00e9 de R\u00e9adaptation Cardiaque URCA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), 1 Avenue Jean Poulh\u00e8s, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France / INSERM U1297 \u2013 Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulh\u00e8s, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit\u00e9 de R\u00e9adaptation Cardiaque URCA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), 1 Avenue Jean Poulh\u00e8s, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France / INSERM U1297 \u2013 Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulh\u00e8s, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I3019448017","https://openalex.org/I4210147779","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jimmy Camboulives","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8623-6069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8623-6069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165283593","display_name":"\u00c9cole des Hautes \u00c9tudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique","ror":"https://ror.org/01sc83v92","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165283593","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108239","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail","ror":"https://ror.org/01p178v10","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I165283593","https://openalex.org/I4210108239","https://openalex.org/I49451733","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56067802","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/015m7wh34","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimmy Camboulives","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8623-6069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I165283593","https://openalex.org/I4210108239","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016400122","display_name":"Oksana Kunduzova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2503-6555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2503-6555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258862","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01ahyrz84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oxana Kunduzova","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSERM U1297 \u2013 Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulh\u00e8s, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U1297 \u2013 Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulh\u00e8s, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083419707","display_name":"Jerome G. Roncalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4093-0435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4093-0435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019448017","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/017h5q109","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019448017"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147779","display_name":"Institut des Maladies M\u00e9taboliques et Cardiovasculaires","ror":"https://ror.org/04d73z393","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210147779","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258862","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01ahyrz84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Roncalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Service de Cardiologie, Institut CARDIOMET, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulh\u00e8s, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France / INSERM U1297 \u2013 Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulh\u00e8s, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service de Cardiologie, Institut CARDIOMET, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulh\u00e8s, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France / INSERM U1297 \u2013 Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulh\u00e8s, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I3019448017","https://openalex.org/I4210147779","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050437991","display_name":"Christophe H\u00e9don","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9505-2097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9505-2097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086516","display_name":"Physiologie et M\u00e9decine Exp\u00e9rimentale du Coeur et des Muscles","ror":"https://ror.org/003sscq03","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210086516","https://openalex.org/I4210096427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093292","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/00mthsf17","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093292"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe H\u00e9don","raw_affiliation_strings":["PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France / Service de R\u00e9adaptation Cardiaque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier), 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France / Service de R\u00e9adaptation Cardiaque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier), 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210086516","https://openalex.org/I4210093292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026100237","display_name":"Alain L. Varray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3876-1211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3876-1211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127738","display_name":"IMT Mines Al\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/03e8rf594","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210127738"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4402554207","display_name":"EuroMov Digital Health in Motion","ror":"https://ror.org/054b22910","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210127738","https://openalex.org/I4402554207"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Varray","raw_affiliation_strings":["EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210127738","https://openalex.org/I4402554207"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11083","display_name":"Cardiac Health and Mental Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13381","display_name":"Heart rate and cardiovascular health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-intensity-prescription","display_name":"exercise intensity prescription","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karvonen-formula","display_name":"Karvonen formula","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rating-of-perceived-exertion","display_name":"rating of perceived exertion","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiopulmonary-exercise-testing","display_name":"cardiopulmonary exercise testing","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-rehabilitation","display_name":"cardiac rehabilitation","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.5871999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5845999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202799725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272035","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23807967","display_name":"Ventilatory threshold","level":5,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.51224/sportrxiv.980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51224/sportrxiv.980","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51224/sportrxiv.980","pdf_url":"https://sportrxiv.org/index.php/server/preprint/download/980/2238/2133","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05739029v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ehesp.hal.science/hal-05739029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22045994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22045994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22045994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22045995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22045995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22045995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.51224/sportrxiv.980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51224/sportrxiv.980","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51224/sportrxiv.980","pdf_url":"https://sportrxiv.org/index.php/server/preprint/download/980/2238/2133","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203879573.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203879573.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964550569","https://openalex.org/W1966443963","https://openalex.org/W1984689889","https://openalex.org/W1990018897","https://openalex.org/W2009552025","https://openalex.org/W2015011373","https://openalex.org/W2025336028","https://openalex.org/W2049686068","https://openalex.org/W2056595236","https://openalex.org/W2066016859","https://openalex.org/W2075198474","https://openalex.org/W2098500937","https://openalex.org/W2133850873","https://openalex.org/W2145139856","https://openalex.org/W2159759971","https://openalex.org/W2161080819","https://openalex.org/W2346989408","https://openalex.org/W2754054868","https://openalex.org/W2897257410","https://openalex.org/W2900503169","https://openalex.org/W3035143160","https://openalex.org/W3037689814","https://openalex.org/W3163963859","https://openalex.org/W3184177771","https://openalex.org/W4313825596","https://openalex.org/W4400315541","https://openalex.org/W4401929355","https://openalex.org/W4409605178","https://openalex.org/W4410499837","https://openalex.org/W7118697958","https://openalex.org/W7134808820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3040120567","https://openalex.org/W4385412004","https://openalex.org/W7123362936","https://openalex.org/W3161466900","https://openalex.org/W2070215533","https://openalex.org/W4402556335","https://openalex.org/W4399678514","https://openalex.org/W4367396168","https://openalex.org/W3176138349","https://openalex.org/W3039663922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AimsCardiopulmonary":[0],"exercise":[1,187],"testing":[2],"(CPET)":[3],"is":[4,23],"the":[5,10,31,62,77,109,147,170,174,179,194],"gold":[6],"standard":[7],"for":[8,18,38,185,207],"determining":[9],"first":[11],"ventilatory":[12],"threshold":[13,79,115,181],"(VT1),":[14],"a":[15],"key":[16],"marker":[17],"prescribing":[19],"exercise-training":[20],"intensity,":[21],"but":[22,159],"not":[24],"routinely":[25],"available":[26],"in":[27,41,189],"cardiac":[28,45],"rehabilitation.We":[29],"evaluated":[30],"accuracy":[32],"of":[33,69,150,172],"commonly":[34],"used":[35],"indirect":[36],"methods":[37],"estimating":[39],"VT1":[40,85,134,151,200],"beta-blocker":[42],"(BB)":[43],"treated":[44,51,191],"patients.":[46],"Methods":[47],"and":[48,64,76,86,95,178],"resultsTwenty-six":[49],"BB":[50,190],"patients":[52],"with":[53,82,112,133],"cardiovascular":[54],"disease":[55],"underwent":[56],"maximal":[57],"CPET.VT1":[58],"estimations":[59],"derived":[60,84],"from":[61],"original":[63,98,175],"modified":[65,143,195],"Karvonen":[66,99,144,176,196],"formulas,":[67],"rating":[68],"perceived":[70,128],"exertion":[71,129],"(Borg":[72],"scale,":[73],"target":[74],"12-14),":[75],"dyspnea":[78,114,180],"were":[80],"compared":[81],"CPET":[83],"VT2.Agreement":[87],"was":[88],"assessed":[89],"using":[90],"Lin's":[91],"concordance":[92],"correlation":[93],"coefficients":[94],"Bland-Altman":[96],"analysis.The":[97],"formula":[100,145,177,197],"(\u03c1":[101,119,135,152,163],"c":[102,120,136,153,164],"=":[103,121,137,154,165],"0.90;":[104],"95%CI":[105,123,139,156,167],"0.81-0.95;bias+5":[106],"bpm)":[107,158],"showed":[108,116,130],"best":[110],"agreement":[111,118,132],"VT1.The":[113],"moderate":[117],"0.86;":[122],"0.71-0.93;bias":[124],"+7":[125],"bpm),":[126],"whereas":[127,193],"poor":[131],"0.73;":[138],"0.53-0.85;bias":[140],"+12":[141],"bpm).The":[142],"had":[146],"poorest":[148],"estimation":[149],"0.68;":[155],"0.50-0.85;bias+16":[157],"closely":[160],"matched":[161],"VT2":[162],"0.94;":[166],"0.87-0.97;bias+0.3bpm).":[168],"ConclusionIn":[169],"absence":[171],"CPET,":[173],"could":[182],"be":[183],"preferred":[184],"guiding":[186],"intensity":[188],"patients,":[192],"consistently":[198],"overestimates":[199],"by":[201],"approximating":[202],"VT2,":[203],"making":[204],"it":[205],"unsuitable":[206],"secure":[208],"exercise-intensity":[209],"prescription.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-22T00:00:00"}
