{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203873382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-17yage","title":"Cooling Performance Investigation of Commercially Available Paraffin and Nanographene Enhanced Paraffin as Working Material in Thermal Management","display_name":"Cooling Performance Investigation of Commercially Available Paraffin and Nanographene Enhanced Paraffin as Working Material in Thermal Management","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203873382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-17yage"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/p-17yage","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-17yage","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-17yage","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91914296","display_name":"Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials","issn_l":"1422-6375","issn":["1422-6375","2297-6620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-17yage","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159945341","display_name":"Jvalant Trivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2992-0826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2992-0826"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4402554201","display_name":"The Charutar Vidya Mandal (CVM) University","ror":"https://ror.org/04k69sk69","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4402554201"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jvalant Trivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Charutar Vidhya Mandal (CVMU) University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2992-0826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Charutar Vidhya Mandal (CVMU) University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4402554201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143482775","display_name":"Mitesh Shah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4402554201","display_name":"The Charutar Vidya Mandal (CVM) University","ror":"https://ror.org/04k69sk69","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4402554201"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitesh Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Charutar Vidhya Mandal (CVMU) University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Charutar Vidhya Mandal (CVMU) University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4402554201"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053345461","display_name":"Aditya Bais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9615-0238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9615-0238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4402554201","display_name":"The Charutar Vidya Mandal (CVM) University","ror":"https://ror.org/04k69sk69","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4402554201"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Bais","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Charutar Vidhya Mandal (CVMU) University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9615-0238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Charutar Vidhya Mandal (CVMU) University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4402554201"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4402554201"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":0.8945000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":0.8945000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10938","display_name":"Phase Change Materials Research","score":0.10300000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11277","display_name":"Thermal properties of materials","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change-materials","display_name":"phase change materials","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkanes","display_name":"alkanes","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene-nanoparticles","display_name":"graphene nanoparticles","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nano-enhanced-pcm","display_name":"nanoparticle-enhanced PCM","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-thermal-management-system","display_name":"battery thermal management system","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-ion-batteries","display_name":"lithium-ion batteries","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-runaway","display_name":"thermal runaway","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooling-capacity","display_name":"cooling capacity","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-conductivity","display_name":"thermal conductivity","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-heat","display_name":"latent heat","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-rate-discharge","display_name":"high-rate discharge","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-analysis","display_name":"cost analysis","score":0.7379999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8823999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806889","display_name":"Phase-change material","level":3,"score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.7142999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5710999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5306000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114834414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15477170","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","level":2,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58024561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721","display_name":"Latent heat","level":2,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133256868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180940","display_name":"Phase change","level":2,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72688512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908282","display_name":"Thermal runaway","level":4,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183287310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142963","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756","display_name":"Specific heat","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7694927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667810","display_name":"Water cooling","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11026015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840551","display_name":"Computer cooling","level":3,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79795727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3068508","display_name":"Passive cooling","level":3,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64142963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153902","display_name":"Phase-change memory","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129446986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542419","display_name":"Thermal analysis","level":3,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172100665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7465774","display_name":"Thermal conduction","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4028/p-17yage","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-17yage","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-17yage","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91914296","display_name":"Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials","issn_l":"1422-6375","issn":["1422-6375","2297-6620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/p-17yage","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-17yage","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-17yage","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91914296","display_name":"Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials","issn_l":"1422-6375","issn":["1422-6375","2297-6620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525551615","https://openalex.org/W1968385512","https://openalex.org/W1982355930","https://openalex.org/W2019439188","https://openalex.org/W2021342953","https://openalex.org/W2031121141","https://openalex.org/W2038395087","https://openalex.org/W2071724588","https://openalex.org/W2102958527","https://openalex.org/W2120408333","https://openalex.org/W2151080396","https://openalex.org/W2166171763","https://openalex.org/W2215994231","https://openalex.org/W2306084996","https://openalex.org/W2482946238","https://openalex.org/W2552104536","https://openalex.org/W2566033397","https://openalex.org/W2566036995","https://openalex.org/W2754185072","https://openalex.org/W2802581525","https://openalex.org/W2886067448","https://openalex.org/W2902540127","https://openalex.org/W2907599189","https://openalex.org/W2911870061","https://openalex.org/W2922494205","https://openalex.org/W2929005099","https://openalex.org/W2946094956","https://openalex.org/W2989716694","https://openalex.org/W2998618735","https://openalex.org/W3005857912","https://openalex.org/W3042589442","https://openalex.org/W3084266916","https://openalex.org/W3084398202","https://openalex.org/W3086297327","https://openalex.org/W3088768903","https://openalex.org/W3095361478","https://openalex.org/W3113360996","https://openalex.org/W3124925913","https://openalex.org/W3136428652","https://openalex.org/W3168879219","https://openalex.org/W3200486382","https://openalex.org/W3203688505","https://openalex.org/W3216241475","https://openalex.org/W4229078502","https://openalex.org/W4236637642","https://openalex.org/W4281485519","https://openalex.org/W4283010262","https://openalex.org/W4283013046","https://openalex.org/W4288490707","https://openalex.org/W4313479014","https://openalex.org/W4382725806","https://openalex.org/W4386003095","https://openalex.org/W4400545910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7203687546","https://openalex.org/W4403975690","https://openalex.org/W7128608335","https://openalex.org/W7213318265","https://openalex.org/W1985421904","https://openalex.org/W4318476491","https://openalex.org/W4408788386","https://openalex.org/W3120175355","https://openalex.org/W7125503632","https://openalex.org/W2762256326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lithium-Ion":[0],"batteries,":[1],"when":[2],"subjected":[3],"to":[4,25],"high":[5],"discharge":[6],"rates":[7],"(C":[8],"rate),":[9],"exhibit":[10],"elevated":[11,71],"temperatures.":[12],"When":[13],"the":[14,17,34,46,124,158],"temperature":[15,131],"crosses":[16],"323":[18],"K":[19],"threshold,":[20],"thermal":[21,72],"runaway":[22],"occurs,":[23],"leading":[24],"fire":[26],"and":[27,52,56,77,79,84,93,95,101,109,137],"sometimes":[28],"an":[29],"explosion.":[30],"To":[31],"prevent":[32],"this,":[33],"Battery":[35],"Thermal":[36],"Management":[37],"System":[38],"(BTMS)":[39],"is":[40],"employed.":[41],"The":[42,121],"current":[43],"study":[44],"investigates":[45],"cooling":[47,126],"performance":[48,127],"of":[49,68,128,133],"mass-produced":[50],"paraffin":[51],"Graphene-based":[53],"(in":[54],"1,3,":[55],"5":[57],"wt%":[58],"concentrations)":[59],"experimentally":[60],"synthesized":[61],"Nano-enhanced":[62],"Phase":[63,152],"Change":[64,153],"Material":[65,154],"(NePCM).":[66],"Characterization":[67],"NePCM":[69,105,110],"indicated":[70,123],"conductivity":[73],"by":[74,81,90,98],"23.32,":[75],"53.22,":[76],"66.95%":[78],"density":[80],"3.75,":[82],"6.5,":[83],"13.5%":[85],"but":[86],"decreased":[87],"latent":[88],"heat":[89,97],"3.17,":[91],"4.20,":[92],"11.37%":[94],"specific":[96],"4.30%,":[99],"4.93%,":[100],"7.16%":[102],"for":[103],"each":[104],"sample,":[106],"respectively.":[107,143],"Paraffin":[108],"were":[111],"numerically":[112],"computed":[113],"in":[114],"Li-Ion":[115],"cell":[116],"BTMS":[117,160],"discharged":[118],"at":[119,162],"3C.":[120],"results":[122],"successful":[125],"PCM":[129],"with":[130,147],"reduction":[132],"11.69,":[134],"11.78,":[135],"12.23,":[136],"12.38%":[138],"concerning":[139],"Bare":[140],"Cell":[141],"temperature,":[142],"Cost":[144],"analysis":[145],"conducted":[146],"similar":[148],"studies":[149],"involving":[150],"specialized":[151],"(PCMs)":[155],"showed":[156],"that":[157],"present":[159],"was,":[161],"maximum,":[163],"63.23%":[164],"less":[165],"costly.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-22T00:00:00"}
