{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203864599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","title":"Intraspecific Variations in Fruiting Phenology of African Pear (Dacryodes Edulis (G.DON) HJ LAM) under Mangrove and Rainforest Zone, Nigeria","display_name":"Intraspecific Variations in Fruiting Phenology of African Pear (Dacryodes Edulis (G.DON) HJ LAM) under Mangrove and Rainforest Zone, Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203864599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231424","display_name":"Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","issn_l":"2354-4147","issn":["2354-4147"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032424991","display_name":"T.C. Njoku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-652X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-652X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166934088","display_name":"Imo State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0257ekp23","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166934088"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. C. Njoku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-652X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166934088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032424991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166934088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"34","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12630","display_name":"African Botany and Ecology Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12630","display_name":"African Botany and Ecology Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12618","display_name":"Botany and Plant Ecology Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dacryodes-edulis","display_name":"Dacryodes edulis","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-pear","display_name":"African pear","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-phenology","display_name":"fruiting phenology","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraspecific-variation","display_name":"intraspecific variation","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-weight","display_name":"fruit weight","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruiting-habit","display_name":"fruiting habit","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-and-precipitation-effects","display_name":"temperature and precipitation effects","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mangrove-zone","display_name":"mangrove zone","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainforest-zone","display_name":"rainforest zone","score":0.9470000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775874295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568694","display_name":"PEAR","level":2,"score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178165689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156428","display_name":"Inflorescence","level":2,"score":0.7249000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780512892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593803","display_name":"Anthesis","level":3,"score":0.7245000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.7113000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770985","display_name":"Intraspecific competition","level":2,"score":0.6664000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2619416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9444","display_name":"Rainforest","level":2,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.49950000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68874143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19756","display_name":"Mangrove","level":2,"score":0.450300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777273600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470944","display_name":"Fructification","level":2,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44670240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1299714","display_name":"Habit","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50660011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42530","display_name":"Tropics","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779864227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762168","display_name":"Caerulea","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231424","display_name":"Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","issn_l":"2354-4147","issn":["2354-4147"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journals.directresearchpublisher.org:article/855","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.directresearchpublisher.org/index.php/index/article/view/855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231424","display_name":"Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","issn_l":"2354-4147","issn":["2354-4147"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2354-4147","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/drjafs.v14i3.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231424","display_name":"Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","issn_l":"2354-4147","issn":["2354-4147"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.8409000039100647,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387695358","https://openalex.org/W4323569579","https://openalex.org/W4214567562","https://openalex.org/W4413955873","https://openalex.org/W4310910915","https://openalex.org/W3124895353","https://openalex.org/W2889059650","https://openalex.org/W2054894195","https://openalex.org/W3082913560","https://openalex.org/W2004470599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"three":[1,32],"year":[2,165],"survey":[3],"was":[4,59,71,223],"carried":[5,263],"out":[6,264],"in":[7,22,134,251],"five":[8],"states":[9],"of":[10,15,29,54,77,83,111,146,159,172,205,220,233,245],"mangrove":[11],"and":[12,36,49,89,98,114,118,140,166,216,247,258],"rainforest":[13],"zone":[14],"Nigeria":[16],"to":[17,79,148,227],"evaluate":[18],"the":[19,30,43,136,142,184,206,230],"intraspecific":[20],"variation":[21],"African":[23,38,193,221,252,266],"pear":[24,39,194,222],"fruiting":[25,41,90,195,219],"phenology.":[26],"In":[27],"each":[28],"state,":[31],"locations":[33],"were":[34,47,101,107,120,128,214],"selected":[35],"ten":[37],"trees":[40,207],"for":[42,64,265],"past":[44],"10":[45],"years":[46],"marked":[48],"tagged":[50],"given":[51],"a":[52,156,255],"total":[53],"150":[55],"trees.":[56],"Each":[57],"tree":[58,157],"divided":[60],"into":[61],"four":[62],"compartments":[63],"data":[65,100,106],"collection.":[66],"Randomized":[67],"complete":[68],"block":[69],"design":[70],"used.":[72],"Parameters":[73],"collected":[74,105],"include:":[75],"time":[76],"anthesis":[78,147],"fruit":[80,87,149,186],"formation,":[81],"number":[82,171],"fruits":[84,173],"per":[85,174],"inflorescence,":[86],"weight":[88,187],"habits":[91],"from":[92,152,179,189],"2013":[93],"-":[94,161,181,191,212,235],"2015.":[95],"Additionally,":[96],"temperature":[97,231],"rainfall":[99],"also":[102],"collected.":[103],"The":[104,168],"analyzed":[108],"using":[109],"analysis":[110],"variance,":[112],"regression":[113],"correlation,":[115],"standard":[116],"errors":[117],"percentages":[119],"calculated":[121],"where":[122],"appropriate.":[123],"Results":[124],"showed":[125],"that":[126,244],"there":[127],"significantly":[129],"(p":[130],"<":[131],"0.05)":[132],"differences":[133],"all":[135],"parameters":[137],"measured":[138],"within":[139],"between":[141],"locations.":[143],"Mean":[144],"duration":[145],"formation":[150],"ranged":[151,178,188],"26-40":[153],"days":[154],"with":[155,237],"mean":[158,170,185],"1.00":[160],"5.00":[162],"depending":[163],"on":[164],"location.":[167],"highest":[169],"inflorescence":[175],"at":[176,229],"maturity":[177],"1.78":[180],"2.23,":[182],"while":[183,210],"23.78g":[190],"28.89g.":[192],"habit":[196],"can":[197],"be":[198,262],"seen":[199],"as":[200],"annual":[201],"since":[202],"57%":[203],"-77%":[204],"are":[208],"annuals,":[209],"23%":[211],"43%":[213],"biennials":[215],"triennials.":[217],"Peak":[218],"mostly":[224],"February":[225],"ending":[226],"march":[228],"range":[232],"280C":[234],"300C":[236],"little":[238],"or":[239],"no":[240],"rainfall.":[241],"Species":[242],"variations":[243],"genetic":[246],"horticultural":[248],"interest":[249],"exists":[250],"pear.":[253,267],"Therefore":[254],"planned":[256],"selection":[257],"improvement":[259],"program":[260],"should":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2026-08-22T00:00:00"}
