{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203861534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17100525","title":"Multi-Type Policies and New Energy Vehicle Innovation Output in China: A Central\u2013Local Perspective","display_name":"Multi-Type Policies and New Energy Vehicle Innovation Output in China: A Central\u2013Local Perspective","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203861534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17100525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/wevj17100525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17100525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17100525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913398011","display_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","issn_l":"2032-6653","issn":["2032-6653"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17100525","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101443989","display_name":"Xiuling Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-0620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-0620","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-4285"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuling Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-4285","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017969187","display_name":"Tingting Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-4730","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-4730"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147763082","display_name":"Jue Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jue Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1689},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1689},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4835947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"525","last_page":"525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.5273000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.5273000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.38089999556541443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.036400001496076584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-energy-vehicles","display_name":"new energy vehicles","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-mix","display_name":"policy mix","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-output","display_name":"innovation output","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-local-relations","display_name":"central-local government relations","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-level-governance","display_name":"multi-level governance","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-side-subsidies","display_name":"demand-side subsidies","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidy-phase-out","display_name":"subsidy phase-out","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-side-policy","display_name":"supply-side policy","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy","display_name":"environmental policy","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-synergy","display_name":"policy synergy","score":0.7950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779962586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751420","display_name":"Policy mix","level":2,"score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.6883999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5601999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5271999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.48809999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.4523000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87980944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664112","display_name":"Industrial policy","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131046424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805337","display_name":"Energy policy","level":3,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189261614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1459305","display_name":"Multi-level governance","level":3,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779576378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7692619","display_name":"Technology policy","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779228913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12281732","display_name":"Investment policy","level":3,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203566152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3179130","display_name":"Policy studies","level":3,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776510970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118368","display_name":"Regional policy","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/wevj17100525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17100525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17100525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913398011","display_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","issn_l":"2032-6653","issn":["2032-6653"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202608.1385.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.1385.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.1385.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:81858e77f3c34b14b5c1194e3bde2391","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/81858e77f3c34b14b5c1194e3bde2391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal, Vol 17, Iss 10, p 525 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/wevj17100525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17100525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17100525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913398011","display_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","issn_l":"2032-6653","issn":["2032-6653"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.571399986743927},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9001303815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024EGL017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328759","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Office of Philosophy and Social Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328759","display_name":"Shanghai Office of Philosophy and Social Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsqp06"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191489395","https://openalex.org/W1537892272","https://openalex.org/W1799410249","https://openalex.org/W1966353207","https://openalex.org/W2004452237","https://openalex.org/W2014319070","https://openalex.org/W2149664258","https://openalex.org/W2593612980","https://openalex.org/W2623237176","https://openalex.org/W2761637184","https://openalex.org/W2794463236","https://openalex.org/W2803432283","https://openalex.org/W2885657562","https://openalex.org/W2892024428","https://openalex.org/W2998898867","https://openalex.org/W3040960925","https://openalex.org/W4312221599","https://openalex.org/W4312222241","https://openalex.org/W4317635589","https://openalex.org/W4319984277","https://openalex.org/W4387055223","https://openalex.org/W4391232332","https://openalex.org/W4393058856","https://openalex.org/W4399803574","https://openalex.org/W4401029489","https://openalex.org/W4401426956","https://openalex.org/W4404568429","https://openalex.org/W4408218810","https://openalex.org/W4409301793","https://openalex.org/W4409379588","https://openalex.org/W4411860530","https://openalex.org/W4414876125","https://openalex.org/W4416044303","https://openalex.org/W4417343542","https://openalex.org/W7134964121","https://openalex.org/W7136245301","https://openalex.org/W7170158120","https://openalex.org/W7214055512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391232332","https://openalex.org/W2793376213","https://openalex.org/W4401029274","https://openalex.org/W4399803574","https://openalex.org/W3172801134","https://openalex.org/W3048061280","https://openalex.org/W4284878685","https://openalex.org/W7126181667","https://openalex.org/W4214861122","https://openalex.org/W4415891769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"promote":[1],"the":[2,55,71,90,94,105,111,130,139,148,178,190],"sustainable":[3],"development":[4],"of":[5,16,108,132,150,182,187],"New":[6],"Energy":[7],"Vehicles\uff08NEVs\uff09,":[8],"multilevel":[9,169,172],"governments":[10,173],"are":[11,127],"formulating":[12],"an":[13,100],"increasing":[14],"number":[15],"policy":[17,20,24,134,137,145,153],"mixes.":[18],"A":[19],"mix":[21],"combines":[22],"different":[23,183],"tools":[25],"from":[26,36],"various":[27],"governance":[28],"levels,":[29],"where":[30],"interactions":[31],"may":[32],"occur.":[33],"Using":[34],"data":[35],"China\u2019s":[37],"NEV":[38,120,191],"industry,":[39],"this":[40],"study":[41],"creatively":[42],"divides":[43,54],"policies":[44,56,59,68,98,114,126,163,167,188],"into":[45,57],"strategic,":[46],"supply-side,":[47],"demand-side":[48,95,136],"and":[49,60,73,79,135,164,180,185],"environment-side":[50],"policies,":[51],"then":[52],"further":[53,80],"central":[58,72],"local":[61,74,140,151],"policies.":[62],"Then":[63],"we":[64],"investigates":[65],"how":[66],"multi-type":[67,113,166],"at":[69,89,138],"both":[70,160],"levels":[75,186],"affect":[76],"innovation":[77,106,121],"output":[78,107],"explores":[81],"their":[82],"synergistic":[83],"effects.":[84],"The":[85,171],"findings":[86],"show":[87],"that":[88],"single-level":[91],"government":[92,141],"level,":[93],"subsidy":[96],"phase-out":[97],"have":[99,143],"inverted":[101],"U-shaped":[102],"impact":[103],"on":[104,119],"NEV.":[109],"And":[110],"other":[112],"exert":[115],"a":[116,144],"positive":[117],"influence":[118],"output.":[122],"However,":[123],"when":[124],"all":[125],"implemented":[128],"simultaneously,":[129],"involvement":[131],"supply-side":[133],"level":[142],"superposition":[146],"effect,":[147],"effects":[149],"environmental-side":[152],"is":[154,158],"crowded":[155],"out.":[156],"Synergy":[157],"present":[159],"within":[161],"same-type":[162],"across":[165],"in":[168,189],"governments.":[170],"should":[174],"pay":[175],"attention":[176],"to":[177],"coordination":[179],"optimization":[181],"types":[184],"industry.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-08-22T00:00:00"}
