{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203837372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","title":"Pathomics-based prediction of natural regulatory T cell infiltration in breast cancer","display_name":"Pathomics-based prediction of natural regulatory T cell infiltration in breast cancer","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203837372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42140187","display_name":"Breast Cancer Research","issn_l":"1465-5411","issn":["1465-5411","1465-542X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Breast Cancer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101080543","display_name":"Yuanbing Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160354086","display_name":"Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dveyr97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160354086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155683","display_name":"Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/051mn8706","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanbing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160354086","https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147542149","display_name":"Yanming Pan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160354086","display_name":"Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dveyr97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160354086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155683","display_name":"Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/051mn8706","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanming Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160354086","https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101237818","display_name":"Manlu Cui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160354086","display_name":"Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dveyr97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160354086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155683","display_name":"Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/051mn8706","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manlu Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160354086","https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jingtao Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110525","display_name":"Hebei General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01nv7k942","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110525"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingtao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Prevention and Health Care, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Prevention and Health Care, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104160663","display_name":"Qinlian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8548-5029","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8548-5029"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160354086","display_name":"Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dveyr97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160354086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155683","display_name":"Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/051mn8706","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinlian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160354086","https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147605515","display_name":"Linfei Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160354086","display_name":"Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dveyr97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160354086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155683","display_name":"Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/051mn8706","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linfei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160354086","https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129834112","display_name":"Dai Pan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262238","display_name":"Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/027pjy323","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262238"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dai Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ultrasound, Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ultrasound, Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101853352","display_name":"Qiuyun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3000-2444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3000-2444","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6591-1149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160354086","display_name":"Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dveyr97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160354086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155683","display_name":"Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/051mn8706","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiuyun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160354086","https://openalex.org/I4210155683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101853352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160354086","https://openalex.org/I4210155683"],"apc_list":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64879023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.03739999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.016200000420212746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-regulatory-t-cells","display_name":"natural regulatory T cells","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor microenvironment","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathomics","display_name":"pathomics","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-slide-images","display_name":"whole slide images","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-e-staining","display_name":"H&E staining","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foxp3","display_name":"Foxp3","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overall-survival","display_name":"overall survival","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-genes","display_name":"immune checkpoint genes","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-immune-infiltration","display_name":"tumor immune infiltration","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-omics-integration","display_name":"multi-omics integration","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"gradient boosting","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tide-score","display_name":"TIDE score","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b7-h3","display_name":"B7-H3","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ox40-ligand","display_name":"OX40L","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnfsf9","display_name":"TNFSF9","score":0.9879999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.6876000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426188","display_name":"FOXP3","level":3,"score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5925999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23808793","display_name":"Radiomics","level":2,"score":0.46129998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163500349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281263","display_name":"Radiogenomics","level":3,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153400128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150731","display_name":"Infiltration (HVAC)","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780140570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3545481","display_name":"Surgical oncology","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778326572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7852668","display_name":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes","level":4,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125473707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9914","display_name":"H&E stain","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019894029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Overall survival","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42140187","display_name":"Breast Cancer Research","issn_l":"1465-5411","issn":["1465-5411","1465-542X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Breast Cancer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-026-02370-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42140187","display_name":"Breast Cancer Research","issn_l":"1465-5411","issn":["1465-5411","1465-542X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Breast Cancer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6814324855804443,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Natural":[2],"regulatory":[3],"T":[4],"cells":[5],"(nTregs)":[6],"are":[7],"a":[8,32,143,159,244,277,315,334],"key":[9],"immunosuppressive":[10,300,347],"component":[11],"of":[12,52,77,91,98,122,187,198,223,343],"the":[13,88,184,217,229,238,341,351],"tumor":[14],"microenvironment":[15,301],"(TME),":[16],"but":[17],"their":[18],"assessment":[19],"typically":[20],"requires":[21],"specialized":[22],"molecular":[23],"assays.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"aimed":[27],"to":[28,37,86,151,353],"develop":[29],"and":[30,45,55,114,138,172,232,256,289,306,313,323,349],"validate":[31],"deep":[33],"learning-based":[34],"pathomics":[35,316],"model":[36,212,317],"predict":[38,152],"nTregs":[39,92,156,192,305,321],"infiltration":[40,193,322],"directly":[41],"from":[42,62,326],"routine":[43],"hematoxylin":[44],"eosin":[46],"(H&E)-stained":[47],"whole":[48],"slide":[49],"images":[50],"(WSI)":[51],"breast":[53,64],"cancer":[54,65],"evaluate":[56],"its":[57,175],"prognostic":[58,89],"significance.":[59],"Methods":[60],"Data":[61],"1097":[63],"patients":[66,79,100],"in":[67,228,237,358],"The":[68,164,210,241,330],"Cancer":[69],"Genome":[70],"Atlas":[71],"(TCGA)":[72],"were":[73,127],"analyzed.":[74],"A":[75,96,120],"cohort":[76,231],"928":[78],"with":[80,101,177,247,260,273],"complete":[81],"RNA-seq":[82],"data":[83],"was":[84,106,149,166,194,257],"used":[85],"establish":[87],"value":[90],"(estimated":[93],"by":[94,303],"ImmuneCellAI).":[95],"subset":[97],"791":[99],"matched":[102],"high-quality":[103],"H&E-stained":[104],"WSI":[105],"randomly":[107],"split":[108],"into":[109],"training":[110,230],"(n":[111,116],"=":[112,117,202,208,264,270],"633)":[113],"validation":[115,239],"158)":[118],"cohorts.":[119],"total":[121],"1488":[123],"quantitative":[124],"pathomic":[125],"features":[126],"extracted.":[128],"After":[129],"feature":[130],"selection":[131],"via":[132],"minimum":[133],"Redundancy":[134],"Maximum":[135],"Relevance":[136],"(mRMR)":[137],"Recursive":[139],"Feature":[140],"Elimination":[141],"(RFE),":[142],"Gradient":[144],"Boosting":[145],"Machine":[146],"(GBM)":[147],"classifier":[148],"trained":[150],"high":[153,274],"versus":[154],"low":[155],"status,":[157],"generating":[158],"continuous":[160],"Pathomics":[161],"Score":[162],"(PS).":[163],"PS":[165,242,275,331],"validated":[167,314],"against":[168],"FOXP3":[169,248],"immunohistochemistry":[170],"(IHC)":[171],"evaluated":[173],"for":[174,282],"association":[176],"overall":[178],"survival":[179],"(OS).":[180],"Multi-omics":[181],"analyses":[182],"explored":[183],"underlying":[185],"biology":[186],"PS-defined":[188],"groups.":[189],"Results":[190],"High":[191],"an":[195,214,299,344],"independent":[196],"predictor":[197],"poor":[199],"OS":[200,262],"(HR":[201,263],"1.58,":[203],"95%":[204,266],"CI":[205,226,235,267],"1.10\u20132.28,":[206],"p":[207,253,269],"0.013).":[209],"GBM":[211],"achieved":[213],"area":[215],"under":[216],"receiver":[218],"operating":[219],"characteristic":[220],"curve":[221],"(AUC-ROC)":[222],"0.81":[224],"(95%":[225,234],"0.78\u20130.85)":[227],"0.72":[233],"0.63\u20130.80)":[236],"cohort.":[240],"showed":[243],"strong":[245],"correlation":[246],"+":[249],"cell":[250],"density":[251],"(":[252],"<":[254],"0.001)":[255],"independently":[258],"associated":[259],"worse":[261],"1.68,":[265],"1.15\u20132.46,":[268],"0.008).":[271],"Patients":[272],"exhibited":[276],"distinct":[278],"transcriptomic":[279],"signature":[280],"enriched":[281],"immune":[283,291],"activation":[284],"pathways":[285],"(e.g.,":[286,294],"estrogen":[287],"responses)":[288],"upregulated":[290],"checkpoint":[292],"genes":[293],"CD276,":[295],"TNFSF4,":[296],"TNFSF9),":[297],"alongside":[298],"characterized":[302],"increased":[304],"M2-like":[307],"macrophage":[308],"estimates.":[309],"Conclusion":[310],"We":[311],"developed":[312],"that":[318,339],"non-invasively":[319],"predicts":[320],"patient":[324],"prognosis":[325],"standard":[327],"H&E":[328],"images.":[329],"serves":[332],"as":[333],"novel,":[335],"accessible":[336],"digital":[337],"biomarker":[338],"captures":[340],"complexity":[342],"inflamed":[345],"yet":[346],"TME":[348],"has":[350],"potential":[352],"augment":[354],"clinical":[355],"decision-making,":[356],"particularly":[357],"resource-limited":[359],"settings.":[360]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-08-21T00:00:00"}
