{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203826697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","title":"Governing saline landscapes: Policy and institutional pathways for agroforestry in Pakistan's Indus Basin","display_name":"Governing saline landscapes: Policy and institutional pathways for agroforestry in Pakistan's Indus Basin","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203826697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220330","display_name":"Earth System Governance","issn_l":"2589-8116","issn":["2589-8116"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth System Governance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028503147","display_name":"Faizan ul Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7274-467X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7274-467X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faizan Ul Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Environmental Governance, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7274-467X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Environmental Governance, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056620892","display_name":"Darren Sinclair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6524-5728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6524-5728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren Sinclair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Environmental Governance, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Environmental Governance, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108665350","display_name":"Lain Dare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-7723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-7723"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lain Dare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Environmental Governance, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Environmental Governance, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082733000","display_name":"Bareerah Fatima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1215-8721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1215-8721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bareerah Fatima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Environmental Governance, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Environmental Governance, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028469995","display_name":"Hafiz Abdul Salam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114653","display_name":"Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/0221pe749","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Abdul Salam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066949157","display_name":"Nazar Gul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5221-2529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5221-2529"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114653","display_name":"Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/0221pe749","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazar Gul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034580018","display_name":"Kamran Baksh Soomro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8275-0352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8275-0352"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799809383","display_name":"Pakistan Agricultural Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04eq9g543","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Baksh Soomro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC)-Southern-zone Agricultural Research Center, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC)-Southern-zone Agricultural Research Center, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103950816","display_name":"Nabeel Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7308-2368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7308-2368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114653","display_name":"Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/0221pe749","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabeel Ali Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147472143","display_name":"Muhammad Yousuf Malik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799809383","display_name":"Pakistan Agricultural Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04eq9g543","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Yousuf Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084221744","display_name":"Zakir Hussain Dahri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0922-951X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0922-951X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799809383","display_name":"Pakistan Agricultural Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04eq9g543","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zakir Hussain Dahri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147609677","display_name":"Muhammad Farooq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114653","display_name":"Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/0221pe749","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147637494","display_name":"Shahnawaz Memon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114653","display_name":"Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/0221pe749","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahnawaz Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147620825","display_name":"Izhar Hussain Bhutto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114653","display_name":"Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/0221pe749","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izhar Hussain Bhutto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028503147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"],"apc_list":{"value":2180,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2180},"apc_paid":{"value":2180,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2180},"fwci":1.6843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75401929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"100355","last_page":"100355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10119","display_name":"Sustainability and Climate Change Governance","score":0.8804000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10119","display_name":"Sustainability and Climate Change Governance","score":0.8804000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13009","display_name":"Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity-management","display_name":"salinity management","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indus-basin","display_name":"Indus Basin","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-level-governance","display_name":"multi-level governance","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-coherence","display_name":"policy coherence","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-based-solutions","display_name":"nature-based solutions","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-agriculture","display_name":"sustainable agriculture","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance-pathways","display_name":"governance pathways","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-change","display_name":"institutional change","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sindh","display_name":"Sindh","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-punjab","display_name":"South Punjab","score":0.9909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9836676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10450","display_name":"Indus","level":3,"score":0.7472000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220330","display_name":"Earth System Governance","issn_l":"2589-8116","issn":["2589-8116"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth System Governance","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2026.100355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220330","display_name":"Earth System Governance","issn_l":"2589-8116","issn":["2589-8116"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth System Governance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9599999785423279,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"score":0.821399986743927,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5384187797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WAC_2021_136","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334709","funder_display_name":"Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334709","display_name":"Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04wyg6495"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1768791706","https://openalex.org/W1976300317","https://openalex.org/W1976759885","https://openalex.org/W2002480661","https://openalex.org/W2021996732","https://openalex.org/W2030223213","https://openalex.org/W2034994370","https://openalex.org/W2071962320","https://openalex.org/W2096110235","https://openalex.org/W2098303634","https://openalex.org/W2127569725","https://openalex.org/W2138662245","https://openalex.org/W2165299260","https://openalex.org/W2332799736","https://openalex.org/W2517992541","https://openalex.org/W2546316645","https://openalex.org/W2791565619","https://openalex.org/W2894388110","https://openalex.org/W2898202369","https://openalex.org/W2921499002","https://openalex.org/W2944245860","https://openalex.org/W2974748345","https://openalex.org/W2990844136","https://openalex.org/W2997750048","https://openalex.org/W3007381705","https://openalex.org/W3044657947","https://openalex.org/W3112163404","https://openalex.org/W3128594870","https://openalex.org/W3208904454","https://openalex.org/W4206564737","https://openalex.org/W4323923033","https://openalex.org/W4361223348","https://openalex.org/W4379744422","https://openalex.org/W4381054069","https://openalex.org/W4388751280","https://openalex.org/W4392861253","https://openalex.org/W4395660149","https://openalex.org/W4396951631","https://openalex.org/W4399474264","https://openalex.org/W4400100770","https://openalex.org/W4405834726","https://openalex.org/W4407158089","https://openalex.org/W4411464966","https://openalex.org/W7154721753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6922413232","https://openalex.org/W2763700330","https://openalex.org/W281128479","https://openalex.org/W4416280353","https://openalex.org/W2890725923","https://openalex.org/W37361779","https://openalex.org/W607419751","https://openalex.org/W3016318439","https://openalex.org/W7218173237","https://openalex.org/W2331702761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Salinity":[0],"threatens":[1],"agricultural":[2],"sustainability":[3],"in":[4,145],"Pakistan's":[5],"Indus":[6],"Basin,":[7],"yet":[8],"approaches":[9],"to":[10,121,134],"mitigate":[11],"it":[12],"remain":[13],"fragmented":[14],"and":[15,40,43,54,67,91,98,100,109,129,142],"poorly":[16],"implemented.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"explains":[20],"why":[21],"saline":[22,123],"agroforestry,":[23,95],"an":[24,35],"established":[25],"nature-based":[26],"solution,":[27],"has":[28],"not":[29],"scaled":[30],"despite":[31],"policy":[32],"attention.":[33],"Using":[34],"integrated":[36],"Social\u2013Ecological":[37],"Systems":[38],"(SES)":[39],"Policy":[41],"Coherence":[42],"Multi-Level":[44],"Governance":[45,137],"(PCMLG)":[46],"framework,":[47],"we":[48],"combine":[49],"a":[50,72,78,117],"review":[51],"of":[52,80,85],"federal":[53],"provincial":[55],"policies":[56],"with":[57,77],"stakeholder":[58],"evidence":[59],"from":[60,113],"16":[61],"focus":[62],"group":[63],"discussions":[64],"across":[65],"Sindh":[66],"South":[68],"Punjab.":[69],"Findings":[70],"show":[71],"systemic":[73],"governance":[74,119],"misfit":[75],"associated":[76],"range":[79],"constraints,":[81],"including":[82],"the":[83],"dominance":[84],"technocratic":[86],"salinity":[87],"management,":[88],"weak":[89],"institutional":[90,107,143],"fiscal":[92],"support":[93],"for":[94],"coordination":[96],"failures":[97],"accountability":[99],"learning":[101],"deficits.":[102],"These":[103],"reinforcing":[104],"constraints":[105],"suppress":[106],"adaptiveness":[108,141],"disconnect":[110],"ecological":[111],"feedbacks":[112],"decision-making.":[114],"We":[115],"propose":[116],"sequenced":[118],"pathway":[120],"embed":[122],"agroforestry":[124],"within":[125],"land,":[126],"water,":[127],"forestry":[128],"climate":[130],"adaptation":[131],"agendas,":[132],"contributing":[133],"Earth":[135],"System":[136],"debates":[138],"on":[139],"coherence,":[140],"transformation":[144],"degraded":[146],"agro-ecosystems.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-21T00:00:00"}