{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203820643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078","title":"Revealing the phytochemical diversity of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst.: A comparative study of aqueous and ethanolic leaf and stem bark extracts","display_name":"Revealing the phytochemical diversity of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst.: A comparative study of aqueous and ethanolic leaf and stem bark extracts","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203820643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078","pdf_url":"https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2026/vol15issue4/PartE/15-4-114-541.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765019825","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","issn_l":"2278-4136","issn":["2278-4136","2349-8234"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614584","host_organization_name":"AkiNik Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614584"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AkiNik Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2026/vol15issue4/PartE/15-4-114-541.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119379626","display_name":"Sani Souna Sido Abdelkarim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1513-5255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1513-5255"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130359222","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni","ror":"https://ror.org/05tj8pb04","country_code":"NE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130359222"]}],"countries":["NE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sani Souna Sido Abdelkarim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Natural Substances and Organic Synthesis , FAST. BP 10 662 , Abdou Moumouni University , BP 10662 Niamey , Niger"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Natural Substances and Organic Synthesis , FAST. BP 10 662 , Abdou Moumouni University , BP 10662 Niamey , Niger","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130359222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035844559","display_name":"Hama Hamadou Habibou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3669-0150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3669-0150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130359222","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni","ror":"https://ror.org/05tj8pb04","country_code":"NE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130359222"]}],"countries":["NE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hama Hamadou Habibou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Natural Substances and Organic Synthesis , FAST. BP 10 662 , Abdou Moumouni University , BP 10662 Niamey , Niger"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Natural Substances and Organic Synthesis , FAST. BP 10 662 , Abdou Moumouni University , BP 10662 Niamey , Niger","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130359222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077512320","display_name":"Mahamane Idi Issa Abdoulahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8785-1292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8785-1292"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahamane Idi Issa Abdoulahi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147616775","display_name":"Tsahirou Mamane Nourou Chaibou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsahirou Mamane Nourou Chaibou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147564531","display_name":"Daouda Kimba Noufou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130359222","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni","ror":"https://ror.org/05tj8pb04","country_code":"NE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130359222"]}],"countries":["NE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daouda Kimba Noufou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Natural Substances and Organic Synthesis , FAST. BP 10 662 , Abdou Moumouni University , BP 10662 Niamey , Niger"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Natural Substances and Organic Synthesis , FAST. BP 10 662 , Abdou Moumouni University , BP 10662 Niamey , Niger","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130359222"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52833448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"511","last_page":"514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.9096999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.9096999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12630","display_name":"African Botany and Ecology Studies","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sclerocarya-birrea","display_name":"marula","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytochemical-screening","display_name":"phytochemical screening","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-polyphenol-content","display_name":"total polyphenols","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-flavonoid-content","display_name":"total flavonoid content","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-tannin-content","display_name":"total tannins","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-extract","display_name":"aqueous extract","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-extract","display_name":"ethanol extract","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-extract","display_name":"leaf extract","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-bark-extract","display_name":"stem bark extract","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicinal-plants","display_name":"medicinal plants","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-metabolites","display_name":"secondary metabolites","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction-yield","display_name":"extraction yield","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-medicine","display_name":"traditional medicine","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.8429999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195475562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639139","display_name":"Phytochemical","level":2,"score":0.9544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133446333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38681","display_name":"Bark (sound)","level":2,"score":0.7164999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779054382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72185287","display_name":"Flavonoid","level":3,"score":0.6735000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778362808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375837","display_name":"Gallic acid","level":3,"score":0.6229000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5982000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70899900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290439","display_name":"Polyphenol","level":3,"score":0.5856000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77784730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415265","display_name":"Proanthocyanidin","level":4,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779431889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415007","display_name":"Catechin","level":4,"score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780309462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187607","display_name":"Tannin","level":2,"score":0.4431000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779158651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188840","display_name":"Medicinal plants","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993907526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259977","display_name":"Aqueous extract","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523307889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640068","display_name":"Phytochemistry","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777728882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407142","display_name":"Phenols","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781263971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409478","display_name":"Quercetin","level":3,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46639800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737802","display_name":"Stem-and-leaf display","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28610000014305115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078","pdf_url":"https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2026/vol15issue4/PartE/15-4-114-541.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765019825","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","issn_l":"2278-4136","issn":["2278-4136","2349-8234"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614584","host_organization_name":"AkiNik Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614584"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AkiNik Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2026.v15.i4e.16078","pdf_url":"https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2026/vol15issue4/PartE/15-4-114-541.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765019825","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","issn_l":"2278-4136","issn":["2278-4136","2349-8234"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614584","host_organization_name":"AkiNik Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614584"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AkiNik Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203820643.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203820643.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965606785","https://openalex.org/W2014170884","https://openalex.org/W2783984197","https://openalex.org/W2922462008","https://openalex.org/W4309718296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403559523","https://openalex.org/W4255808442","https://openalex.org/W2786151400","https://openalex.org/W4390057724","https://openalex.org/W3131411175","https://openalex.org/W2002691923","https://openalex.org/W4390054047","https://openalex.org/W3163093171","https://openalex.org/W2765635748","https://openalex.org/W2922462008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sclerocarya":[0],"birrea":[1,198],"(A.":[2],"Rich.)":[3],"Hochst":[4],"is":[5,30],"a":[6,223],"medicinal":[7],"species":[8],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"in":[11,15,60,115,124,177],"sub-Saharan":[12],"Africa,":[13],"particularly":[14],"Niger,":[16],"for":[17,226],"the":[18,33,46,90,101,107,178,192,211,230,236],"treatment":[19],"of":[20,27,40,50,74,109,149,167,196,204,232,238],"various":[21],"diseases,":[22],"including":[23],"diabetes.":[24],"The":[25,53,186],"objective":[26],"this":[28,51,218],"study":[29],"to":[31,67,87,143,161,210,217],"compare":[32],"phytochemical":[34,69],"profile":[35],"and":[36,42,48,62,71,79,95,112,119,130,153,188,194,235],"phenolic":[37],"compound":[38],"content":[39],"aqueous":[41,91,187],"ethanolic":[43,96,179,189],"extracts":[44,54,93,98,190],"from":[45,85,139,157,191],"leaves":[47,193],"bark":[49,97,180,195],"plant.":[52,219],"were":[55,121,133],"obtained":[56],"by":[57],"reflux":[58],"extraction":[59],"water":[61],"95%":[63],"ethanol,":[64],"then":[65],"subjected":[66],"qualitative":[68],"screening":[70,105],"spectrophotometric":[72],"quantification":[73],"total":[75,77,80,171],"polyphenols,":[76,110],"tannins,":[78],"flavonoids.":[81],"Extraction":[82],"yields":[83],"ranged":[84,138,156],"10.4%":[86],"29.72%,":[88],"with":[89],"leaf":[92],"(27%)":[94],"(29.72%)":[99],"showing":[100],"highest":[102],"yields.":[103],"Phytochemical":[104],"showed":[106],"presence":[108],"flavonoids,":[111],"catechin":[113],"tannins":[114,132,172],"all":[116],"extracts.":[117],"Alkaloids":[118],"saponosides":[120],"also":[122],"detected":[123],"some":[125],"extracts,":[126],"while":[127,170],"sterols,":[128],"polyterpenes,":[129],"gallic":[131],"absent.":[134],"Total":[135],"polyphenol":[136],"contents":[137,155],"58.22":[140],"\u00b1":[141,145,159,163,183],"2.98":[142],"131.27":[144],"1.49":[146],"mg":[147,165],"GAE/g":[148],"dry":[150,168],"extract":[151,181],"(DE),":[152],"flavonoid":[154],"5.24":[158],"0.59":[160],"77.41":[162],"1.67":[164],"QE/g":[166],"extract,":[169],"reached":[173],"their":[174,239],"maximum":[175],"value":[176],"(22.96":[182],"2.66":[184],"g/L).":[185],"S.":[197],"are":[199],"therefore":[200],"an":[201],"important":[202],"source":[203],"bioactive":[205],"secondary":[206],"metabolites":[207],"that":[208],"contribute":[209],"potential":[212],"therapeutic":[213],"properties":[214],"traditionally":[215],"attributed":[216],"These":[220],"results":[221],"provide":[222],"scientific":[224],"basis":[225],"future":[227],"research":[228],"on":[229],"isolation":[231],"active":[233],"compounds":[234],"evaluation":[237],"biological":[240],"activities.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-21T00:00:00"}