{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203820355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08","title":"Secure-XPAPF: A Cyber-Secure and Explainable Deep Learning Framework for Automated Pronunciation Assessment and Personalized Feedback in Distance Language Learning","display_name":"Secure-XPAPF: A Cyber-Secure and Explainable Deep Learning Framework for Automated Pronunciation Assessment and Personalized Feedback in Distance Language Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203820355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08","pdf_url":"https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast/article/download/11519/10524/17242","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280715","display_name":"American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology","issn_l":"2771-2745","issn":["2771-2745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Applied Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast/article/download/11519/10524/17242","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040206956","display_name":"Utkir Khamdamov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7038-9793","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7038-9793"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21256249","display_name":"Tashkent University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05987a729","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khamdamov Utkir Rakhmatullayevich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khorezmi, 108, Amir Temur Av.,100200, Tashkent, Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khorezmi, 108, Amir Temur Av.,100200, Tashkent, Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066704490","display_name":"Turakulov Olim Xolbutayevich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-4830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-4830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021094","display_name":"Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek","ror":"https://ror.org/01mk88r89","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392021094"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turakulov Olim Xolbutayevich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126234354","display_name":"Akmaljon Abduxoliq o'g'li Abdumalikov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021094","display_name":"Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek","ror":"https://ror.org/01mk88r89","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392021094"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdumalikov Akmaljon Abduxoliq o\u2018g\u2018li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017439823","display_name":"Kayumov Oybek Achilovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-9999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-9999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021094","display_name":"Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek","ror":"https://ror.org/01mk88r89","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392021094"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayumov Oybek Achilovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126090078","display_name":"Baxtiyor Akmuradov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akmuradov Baxtiyor Uralovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vatan University, 2nd Lane, Shota Rustaveli Street, House 2, Dumbuloq MFY, Yakkasaroy District, Tashkent, Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vatan University, 2nd Lane, Shota Rustaveli Street, House 2, Dumbuloq MFY, Yakkasaroy District, Tashkent, Uzbekistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"8","first_page":"123","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.21770000457763672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.21770000457763672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.16820000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.11020000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-language-learning","display_name":"distance language learning","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity","display_name":"cybersecurity","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainable-ai","display_name":"explainable AI","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-feedback","display_name":"personalized feedback","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-privacy","display_name":"speech privacy","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"federated learning","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"differential privacy","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-robustness","display_name":"adversarial robustness","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membership-inference-attacks","display_name":"membership inference attacks","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-inversion-attacks","display_name":"model inversion attacks","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-poisoning-attacks","display_name":"data poisoning","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-analytics","display_name":"learning analytics","score":0.5479999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.7924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.5968999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5275999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.4864000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142039133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620943","display_name":"Personalized learning","level":5,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779305910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172809","display_name":"Corrective feedback","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08","pdf_url":"https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast/article/download/11519/10524/17242","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280715","display_name":"American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology","issn_l":"2771-2745","issn":["2771-2745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Applied Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume06issue08-08","pdf_url":"https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast/article/download/11519/10524/17242","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280715","display_name":"American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology","issn_l":"2771-2745","issn":["2771-2745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Applied Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203820355.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203820355.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4224928163","https://openalex.org/W4225989372","https://openalex.org/W4286235848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7138456316","https://openalex.org/W4404725739","https://openalex.org/W7216151101","https://openalex.org/W7207588246","https://openalex.org/W1505400583","https://openalex.org/W4416037049","https://openalex.org/W7170047066","https://openalex.org/W6964997747","https://openalex.org/W4416798423","https://openalex.org/W7117490227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"pronunciation":[1,56,68,71,97,157],"assessment":[2,57],"has":[3],"become":[4],"a":[5,48,85,145,209,216,231],"core":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,54,140,247],"distance":[9,156,249],"foreign":[10],"language":[11,250],"learning,":[12,158],"yet":[13],"existing":[14],"systems":[15],"frequently":[16],"behave":[17],"as":[18,208],"opaque":[19],"scoring":[20],"engines":[21],"and":[22,38,58,84,106,122,137,142,179,198,213,225,234,243],"rarely":[23],"address":[24],"the":[25,148,151],"cybersecurity":[26,87,146],"risks":[27],"created":[28],"by":[29],"collecting":[30],"speech,":[31],"storing":[32],"learner":[33],"profiles,":[34],"generating":[35],"AI":[36],"feedback":[37,77],"operating":[39],"learning":[40,52,79,113,193,245,251],"analytics":[41,180,246],"at":[42],"scale.":[43],"This":[44],"article":[45],"proposes":[46],"Secure-XPAPF,":[47],"cyber-secure":[49],"explainable":[50,74,241],"deep":[51],"framework":[53,63,149,236],"automated":[55],"personalized":[59,76],"corrective":[60,135],"feedback.":[61],"The":[62,183,228],"integrates":[64],"automatic":[65],"speech":[66,93,160,239],"recognition,":[67],"error":[69,100],"detection,":[70],"quality":[72],"scoring,":[73],"AI,":[75,240],"recommendation,":[78],"analytics,":[80,114],"longitudinal":[81,138],"progress":[82],"modeling":[83],"cross-cutting":[86],"layer.":[88],"Technically,":[89],"Secure-XPAPF":[90],"combines":[91,186],"self-supervised":[92],"representations,":[94],"Transformer-based":[95],"multi-task":[96],"modeling,":[98],"phoneme-level":[99],"diagnosis,":[101],"SHAP-style":[102],"acoustic":[103],"attribution,":[104],"attention":[105],"saliency":[107],"visualization,":[108],"evidence-bound":[109],"large-language-model":[110],"feedback,":[111],"privacy-preserving":[112],"differential-privacy-aware":[115],"federated":[116],"training,":[117],"adversarial":[118,171],"audio":[119],"robustness":[120],"testing":[121],"zero-trust":[123],"access":[124],"governance.":[125],"Pedagogically,":[126],"it":[127],"transforms":[128],"numerical":[129],"scores":[130],"into":[131],"learner-facing":[132],"explanations,":[133],"targeted":[134],"exercises":[136],"dashboards":[139],"teachers":[141],"learners.":[143],"From":[144],"perspective,":[147],"maps":[150],"full":[152],"attack":[153],"surface":[154],"of":[155],"including":[159],"data":[161,169],"leakage,":[162],"metadata":[163],"re-identification,":[164],"model":[165],"inversion,":[166],"membership":[167],"inference,":[168],"poisoning,":[170],"audio,":[172],"prompt":[173],"injection,":[174],"insecure":[175],"LLM":[176],"output":[177],"handling":[178],"dashboard":[181],"abuse.":[182],"evaluation":[184],"design":[185],"regression,":[187],"classification,":[188],"explanation":[189],"fidelity,":[190],"recommendation":[191],"ranking,":[192],"gain,":[194],"trust,":[195],"privacy":[196],"leakage":[197],"security":[199],"resilience":[200],"metrics.":[201],"Illustrative,":[202],"simulation-calibrated":[203],"results":[204],"are":[205],"provided":[206],"only":[207],"reproducible":[210],"reporting":[211],"template":[212],"indicate":[214],"how":[215],"deployed":[217],"system":[218],"could":[219],"compare":[220],"against":[221],"GOP,":[222],"CNN-BiLSTM,":[223],"Whisper-based":[224],"wav2vec2-based":[226],"baselines.":[227],"contribution":[229],"is":[230],"unified,":[232],"auditable":[233],"security-by-design":[235],"that":[237],"connects":[238],"pedagogy":[242],"cyber-resilient":[244],"high-stakes":[248],"environments.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-08-21T00:00:00"}