{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203800465","doi":null,"title":"Section 8 housing : in the case of efficiency and effectiveness","display_name":"Section 8 housing : in the case of efficiency and effectiveness","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203800465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.und.edu:theses-14308","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/14308/viewcontent/SP.COL._20THESES_20GT1985_20L4218_203_203100_200229_2061709_20CHES.pdf","pdf_url":"https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=14308&context=theses","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402276","display_name":"UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","host_organization_name":"University of North Dakota","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=14308&context=theses","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147549385","display_name":"Keitha Denise Lawrence","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","display_name":"University of North Dakota","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5szx83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence, Keitha Denise","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Dakota University of North Dakota UND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Dakota University of North Dakota UND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5147549385"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.7773000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.7773000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.0949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.08449999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/section-8-housing","display_name":"Section 8 housing","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-and-urban-development","display_name":"housing and urban development","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-vouchers","display_name":"housing vouchers","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-renters","display_name":"low-income tenants","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-quality-standards","display_name":"housing quality standards","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-eligibility","display_name":"income eligibility","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-integration","display_name":"racial integration","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-integration","display_name":"economic integration","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-efficiency","display_name":"program efficiency","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-effectiveness","display_name":"program effectiveness","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-housing-authorities","display_name":"public housing authorities","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-policy-evaluation","display_name":"housing policy evaluation","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-housing-programs","display_name":"federal housing programs","score":0.4350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.6881999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.6644999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157171","display_name":"Renting","level":2,"score":0.5906000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533584247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6532502","display_name":"Public housing","level":2,"score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780072843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12301128","display_name":"Subsidized housing","level":3,"score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781137002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618532","display_name":"Landlord","level":2,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777663346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4689034","display_name":"Affordable housing","level":2,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020601245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12301128","display_name":"Low income housing","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994302559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630687","display_name":"Rental housing","level":3,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143392562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449111","display_name":"Subdivision","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777439000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2588076","display_name":"Housing tenure","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110269972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872","display_name":"Recreation","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.und.edu:theses-14308","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/14308/viewcontent/SP.COL._20THESES_20GT1985_20L4218_203_203100_200229_2061709_20CHES.pdf","pdf_url":"https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=14308&context=theses","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402276","display_name":"UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","host_organization_name":"University of North Dakota","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.und.edu:theses-14308","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/14308/viewcontent/SP.COL._20THESES_20GT1985_20L4218_203_203100_200229_2061709_20CHES.pdf","pdf_url":"https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=14308&context=theses","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402276","display_name":"UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","host_organization_name":"University of North Dakota","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203800465.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203800465.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091851406","https://openalex.org/W1594615657","https://openalex.org/W2089124487","https://openalex.org/W2005489127","https://openalex.org/W7057388462","https://openalex.org/W1858006827","https://openalex.org/W2053520465","https://openalex.org/W7033010393","https://openalex.org/W1970470950","https://openalex.org/W1991677973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"breakthrough":[0],"from":[1,210],"traditional":[2],"housing":[3,81,99,205,295,369],"is":[4,46,77,87,137,156,180,200,302],"the":[5,13,47,85,119,131,142,151,178,195,198,203,222,240,272,283,285,292,309,312,320,367,387,407,422],"Section":[6,43,48,61,65,70,104,241,313,388],"8":[7,44,49,62,66,71,74,105,242,314,389],"program":[8,45],"that":[9,166,170,259,301,386],"was":[10],"authorized":[11],"by":[12,118,173,202,304],"Housing":[14,51,76,107,124,174,244],"and":[15,34,69,125,175,197,215,232,263,282,325,328,331,357,397,418],"Community":[16],"Development":[17],"Act":[18],"of":[19,30,95,123,141,189,191,308,311,322,351,373,376,409],"1974.This":[20],"\u2022program":[21],"began":[22],"in":[23,221,271,336,341,348,399],"1975":[24],"with":[25,207,277],"a":[26,97,128,161,349,402],"total":[27],"nationwide":[28],"allocation":[29],"approximately":[31],"55,000":[32],"units":[33,258,270,286],"now":[35],"supports":[36],"one":[37],"million":[38],"households.":[39],"3":[40],"The":[41],"largest":[42],"Existing":[50,75,106,243,315],"on":[52],"which":[53,113,136],"this":[54,410],"paper":[55],"will":[56],"focus.The":[57],"other":[58],"components":[59],"are":[60,171,260],"Substantial":[63],"Rehabilitation,":[64],"Moderate":[67],"Rehabilitation":[68],"New":[72],"Construction.Section":[73],"unique":[78],"among":[79],"federal":[80],"assistance":[82,356,377],"programs":[83],"because":[84,307],"subsidy":[86],"attached":[88],"to":[89,96,194,253,279,334,363],"low":[90,323],"income":[91,133,148,193,324,345],"household":[92,129,152,158,179],"directly":[93],"instead":[94],"particular":[98],"unit.Households":[100],"may":[101,353,361],"apply":[102],"for":[103,150,406],"Assistance":[108],"at":[109],"local":[110,293],"public":[111,204,294,368],"agencies":[112],"have":[114],"been":[115],"allocated":[116],"funds":[117,208],"United":[120],"States":[121],"Department":[122],"Urban":[126,176],"Development.If":[127,177],"meets":[130,167],"program's":[132],"eligibility":[134],"requirement,":[135],"less":[138],"than":[139],"80%":[140],"standard":[143],"metropolitan":[144],"statistical":[145],"area":[146],"median":[147],"adjusted":[149],"size":[153],"then":[154],"he/she":[155],"eligible.\"The":[157],"must":[159,287],"find":[160],"private":[162],"market":[163],"rental":[164],"unit":[165],"quality":[168,269,300],"standards":[169,290],"specified":[172],"successful":[181],"it":[182,317,384],"pays":[183],"25%":[184],"(":[185],"changed":[186],"30%":[187],"as":[188],"1981)":[190],"its'":[192],"landlord":[196],"balance":[199],"paid":[201],"authority":[206,296],"obtained":[209],"HUD.":[211,305],"5":[212,248],"3Roger":[213],"Montgomery":[214],"Dale":[216],"Rogers":[217],"Marshall,":[218],"ed.,":[219],"Policy":[220],"1980's":[223],"(Massachusetts:":[224],"Lexington":[225],"Books,":[226],"1980),":[227],"p.":[228,251],"170.\"Howard":[229],"S.":[230],"Bloom":[231],"Susan":[233],"E.,":[234],"Philipson":[235],"Bloom,":[236],"\"Household":[237],"Participation":[238],"n":[239],"Program,\"":[245],"Evaluation":[246],"Review":[247],"(June":[249],"1981):":[250],"327.subsidies":[252],"eligible":[254],"households":[255,346],"occupying":[256],"existing":[257],"decent,":[261],"safe,":[262],"sanitary.The":[264],"specific":[265,275],"provisions":[266],"defining":[267],"acceptable":[268],"regulations":[273],"include":[274],"requirements":[276],"respect":[278],"plumbing,":[280],"heat,":[281],"like.All":[284],"meet":[288],"these":[289,374],"unless":[291],"proposes":[297],"an":[298],"alternative":[299],"accepted":[303],"8Lastly,":[306],"nature":[310],"Program,":[316],"should":[318,391],"reduce":[319],"concentration":[321],"minority":[326],"families":[327,358],"encourage":[329],"economic":[330,382],"racial":[332,380],"integration.9Assistance":[333],"tenants":[335],"dispersed":[337],"locations":[338],"can":[339],"occur":[340],"two":[342],"ways:":[343],"lower":[344],"living":[347],"variety":[350],"neighborhoods":[352],"receive":[354],"in-place":[355],"receiving":[359],"certificates":[360],"move":[362],"scattered":[364],"areas":[365],"within":[366],"authority's":[370],"jurisdiction.10":[371],"Either":[372],"patterns":[375],"might":[378],"constitute":[379],"or":[381],"intergration.Theoretically,":[383],"appears":[385],"Program":[390],"be":[392],"easily":[393],"implemented,":[394],"both":[395],"efficiently":[396],"effectively":[398],"all":[400],"respects.In":[401],"very":[403],"concise":[404],"manner":[405],"purpose":[408],"paper,":[411],"efficiency":[412],"simply":[413],"means":[414,420],"\"doing":[415,421],"things":[416],"right\"":[417],"effectiveness":[419],"right":[423],"thing.":[424]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-20T00:00:00"}