{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203793138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384","title":"Technology\u2013governance\u2013outcome alignment in digital education: a PRISMA-based configurational meta-synthesis (2015\u20132025)","display_name":"Technology\u2013governance\u2013outcome alignment in digital education: a PRISMA-based configurational meta-synthesis (2015\u20132025)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203793138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147490600","display_name":"Gele Qing","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gele Qing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philosophy and Political Science, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philosophy and Political Science, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028642754","display_name":"\u0410liya Akramova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-0329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-0329","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-7879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aliya Akramova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philosophy and Political Science, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philosophy and Political Science, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028642754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11300","display_name":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","score":0.41019999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11300","display_name":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","score":0.41019999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13081","display_name":"Digital Education and Society","score":0.3578999936580658,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12408","display_name":"Digital Transformation of Higher Education","score":0.051899999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-education","display_name":"digital education","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effectiveness-of-educational-technology","display_name":"educational technology effectiveness","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance","display_name":"governance","score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centralized-governance","display_name":"centralized governance","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralized-governance","display_name":"decentralized governance","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-education","display_name":"artificial intelligence in education","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning-tools","display_name":"machine learning tools","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-design","display_name":"institutional design","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-asia","display_name":"Central Asia","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-governance","display_name":"digital governance","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-outcomes","display_name":"learning outcomes","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7893000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.6442000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135981907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188056","display_name":"Triangulation","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94617000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639854","display_name":"Qualitative comparative analysis","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189922023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056348","display_name":"Information governance","level":4,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ebcb9a3300d34f9399822e86f898c588","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ebcb9a3300d34f9399822e86f898c588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education, Vol 11 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2026.1912384/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203793138.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203793138.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185747659","https://openalex.org/W1694806198","https://openalex.org/W1965475525","https://openalex.org/W1982464953","https://openalex.org/W1984395779","https://openalex.org/W2002764085","https://openalex.org/W2029875957","https://openalex.org/W2047434871","https://openalex.org/W2058955630","https://openalex.org/W2064289271","https://openalex.org/W2143959207","https://openalex.org/W2149540751","https://openalex.org/W2218801694","https://openalex.org/W2322559545","https://openalex.org/W2339255380","https://openalex.org/W2404513432","https://openalex.org/W2770717476","https://openalex.org/W2902556082","https://openalex.org/W2904222890","https://openalex.org/W2914528157","https://openalex.org/W2981863007","https://openalex.org/W2999199799","https://openalex.org/W3017157646","https://openalex.org/W3027148609","https://openalex.org/W3027748857","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W4206165398","https://openalex.org/W4229738978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7202079274","https://openalex.org/W7162725178","https://openalex.org/W7216050052","https://openalex.org/W2923044764","https://openalex.org/W4415601514","https://openalex.org/W7220767196","https://openalex.org/W7214580577","https://openalex.org/W4415013801","https://openalex.org/W7202079118","https://openalex.org/W7204446915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Much":[0],"of":[1,42,107,124,147,193,233,245],"the":[2,10,34,55,64,104,173,190,205,228,240],"policy":[3,225],"discussion":[4],"around":[5],"digital":[6,258],"education":[7],"proceeds":[8],"on":[9],"assumption":[11],"that":[12,218,263],"technically":[13],"capable":[14],"systems,":[15],"if":[16],"properly":[17],"implemented,":[18],"will":[19],"translate":[20],"into":[21,222],"improved":[22],"learning":[23],"outcomes.":[24],"The":[25,182,247],"empirical":[26],"record":[27],"does":[28],"not":[29,37,157,196],"consistently":[30],"support":[31],"this":[32,160],"expectation\u2014and":[33],"inconsistency":[35],"is":[36,161],"random.":[38],"This":[39],"systematic":[40],"meta-synthesis":[41],"147":[43],"SSCI-indexed":[44],"studies":[45,75],"from":[46,58],"26":[47],"national":[48],"contexts":[49],"(2015\u20132025)":[50],"examines":[51],"why,":[52],"by":[53],"shifting":[54],"analytical":[56],"lens":[57],"what":[59],"technologies":[60],"can":[61],"do":[62],"to":[63,239],"governance":[65,114,133,210,229],"conditions":[66,230],"determining":[67],"whether":[68],"they":[69],"will.":[70],"Following":[71],"PRISMA":[72],"2020":[73],"guidelines,":[74],"were":[76,156],"coded":[77],"across":[78],"five":[79],"dimensions":[80],"(Cohen's":[81],"\u03ba":[82],"=":[83,127,139],"0.81)":[84],"and":[85,115,153,172,178,208,227],"analyzed":[86],"through":[87,204,216],"a":[88,164,169,223],"two-stage":[89],"pipeline":[90],"combining":[91],"hierarchical":[92],"clustering":[93],"with":[94,112],"crisp-set":[95],"qualitative":[96],"comparative":[97],"analysis":[98],"(csQCA).":[99],"Four":[100],"configurations":[101],"emerged":[102],"above":[103],"consistency":[105,152],"threshold":[106],"0.75.":[108],"AI/ML":[109],"tools":[110],"combined":[111],"decentralized":[113,209],"explicit":[116],"outcome":[117],"alignment":[118,142],"yielded":[119],"positive":[120,213],"outcomes":[121],"in":[122,145,243],"73.4%":[123],"cases":[125],"(consistency":[126,138],"0.84);":[128],"any":[129],"technology":[130,194],"under":[131],"centralized":[132,207],"without":[134],"alignment,":[135],"only":[136],"31.2%":[137],"0.82).":[140],"Outcome":[141],"was":[143],"present":[144],"94.1%":[146],"positive-outcome":[148],"studies;":[149],"formal":[150],"necessity-analysis":[151],"coverage":[154],"values":[155],"calculated,":[158],"so":[159],"reported":[162],"as":[163,189],"descriptive":[165],"association":[166],"rather":[167],"than":[168],"necessity":[170],"finding,":[171],"identification":[174],"problem":[175],"between":[176],"alignment-as-cause":[177],"alignment-as-institutional-quality-marker":[179],"remains":[180],"unresolved.":[181],"Technology\u2013Governance\u2013Outcome":[183],"(TGO)":[184],"framework":[185],"repositions":[186],"institutional":[187],"design":[188],"constitutive":[191],"condition":[192],"effectiveness,":[195],"its":[197],"organizational":[198],"backdrop.":[199],"Two":[200],"structural":[201],"tensions":[202],"run":[203],"findings:":[206],"both":[211],"achieve":[212],"outcomes,":[214],"but":[215],"mechanisms":[217],"cannot":[219],"be":[220],"reconciled":[221],"single":[224],"prescription;":[226],"most":[231,242],"predictive":[232],"success":[234],"are":[235],"systematically":[236],"least":[237],"available":[238],"institutions":[241],"need":[244],"improvement.":[246],"synthesis":[248],"provides":[249],"an":[250],"early":[251],"quantitative":[252],"reference":[253],"point":[254],"for":[255],"Central":[256],"Asian":[257],"governance,":[259],"surfacing":[260],"intra-national":[261],"variation":[262],"aggregate":[264],"statistics":[265],"obscure.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2026-08-20T00:00:00"}