{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203788046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232","title":"Hybrid solar chimney desalination: a comparative assessment of productivity, efficiency, and economics across four system architectures","display_name":"Hybrid solar chimney desalination: a comparative assessment of productivity, efficiency, and economics across four system architectures","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203788046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174526007154/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191901","display_name":"Energy Conversion and Management X","issn_l":"2590-1745","issn":["2590-1745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Conversion and Management: X","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174526007154/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111376365","display_name":"Omer K. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-8620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-8620"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143651","display_name":"Northern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ytenv10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer K. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Technical University, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Technical University, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047483289","display_name":"Sameer Saadoon Algburi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-6271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-6271"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sameer Algburi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al-Kitab University, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-6271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al-Kitab University, Iraq","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063696759","display_name":"Raid W. Daoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-9680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-9680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143651","display_name":"Northern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ytenv10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raid W. Daoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Technical University, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Technical University, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139872576","display_name":"Zaid H. Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143651","display_name":"Northern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ytenv10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}],"countries":["HU","IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zaid H. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Power Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry J. u. 18, Budapest 1111, Hungary","Northern Technical University, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Power Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry J. u. 18, Budapest 1111, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Technical University, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5139872576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179","https://openalex.org/I4210143651"],"apc_list":{"value":3170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3170},"apc_paid":{"value":3170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3170},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41840303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"102232","last_page":"102232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12008","display_name":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12008","display_name":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13298","display_name":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11774","display_name":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-still","display_name":"solar still","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-osmosis","display_name":"reverse osmosis","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-productivity","display_name":"water productivity","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-analysis","display_name":"techno-economic analysis","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brine-management","display_name":"brine management","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-architecture-comparison","display_name":"system architecture comparison","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/site-dependence","display_name":"site dependence","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778842010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2962572","display_name":"Solar chimney","level":3,"score":0.7390999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777598616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298444","display_name":"Solar desalination","level":4,"score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.5703999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776870568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190873","display_name":"Desalination","level":3,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162386899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692787","display_name":"Low-temperature thermal desalination","level":4,"score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.3750999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780934509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571589","display_name":"Condenser (optics)","level":3,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994116986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190873","display_name":"Water desalination","level":4,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149039472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385817","display_name":"Passive solar building design","level":3,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1312298","display_name":"Solar air conditioning","level":3,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29682386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5548580","display_name":"Geothermal desalination","level":4,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174526007154/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191901","display_name":"Energy Conversion and Management X","issn_l":"2590-1745","issn":["2590-1745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Conversion and Management: X","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102232","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174526007154/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191901","display_name":"Energy Conversion and Management X","issn_l":"2590-1745","issn":["2590-1745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Conversion and Management: X","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.8571000099182129},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203788046.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203788046.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977492039","https://openalex.org/W1990538154","https://openalex.org/W2012081268","https://openalex.org/W2022789209","https://openalex.org/W2054492629","https://openalex.org/W2299341246","https://openalex.org/W2304339407","https://openalex.org/W2908625932","https://openalex.org/W2921724650","https://openalex.org/W2947151500","https://openalex.org/W2977486578","https://openalex.org/W3010772185","https://openalex.org/W3027619983","https://openalex.org/W3034334703","https://openalex.org/W3048518730","https://openalex.org/W3092230243","https://openalex.org/W3110990483","https://openalex.org/W3120691264","https://openalex.org/W3143253853","https://openalex.org/W3157753509","https://openalex.org/W3167450926","https://openalex.org/W3200245092","https://openalex.org/W3216996521","https://openalex.org/W4200213698","https://openalex.org/W4220835487","https://openalex.org/W4243414939","https://openalex.org/W4281981773","https://openalex.org/W4283743893","https://openalex.org/W4293419833","https://openalex.org/W4298142263","https://openalex.org/W4309474827","https://openalex.org/W4309762711","https://openalex.org/W4309969730","https://openalex.org/W4313856322","https://openalex.org/W4319590542","https://openalex.org/W4322806572","https://openalex.org/W4323975037","https://openalex.org/W4383068294","https://openalex.org/W4384747739","https://openalex.org/W4385376448","https://openalex.org/W4386226743","https://openalex.org/W4386260360","https://openalex.org/W4386688110","https://openalex.org/W4390652672","https://openalex.org/W4392511091","https://openalex.org/W4394616342","https://openalex.org/W4395006001","https://openalex.org/W4396940837","https://openalex.org/W4402102911","https://openalex.org/W4403869934","https://openalex.org/W4406088122","https://openalex.org/W4408529332","https://openalex.org/W4408798628","https://openalex.org/W4410221447","https://openalex.org/W4410398911","https://openalex.org/W7084036912","https://openalex.org/W7118405084","https://openalex.org/W7124425370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7130955485","https://openalex.org/W4390825868","https://openalex.org/W2921724650","https://openalex.org/W4309969730","https://openalex.org/W4220835487","https://openalex.org/W6941437952","https://openalex.org/W3167450926","https://openalex.org/W3034334703","https://openalex.org/W4416041170","https://openalex.org/W7117834589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"chimney\u2013desalination":[1],"systems":[2,34,39,45,52,79],"offer":[3,158],"a":[4],"promising":[5,142],"approach":[6],"for":[7,160],"simultaneous":[8],"freshwater":[9],"and":[10,24,47,68,84,101,131,144,154,183,188,205],"energy":[11,85,130,184],"production;":[12],"however,":[13],"reported":[14,80],"performance":[15,72,161,196],"varies":[16],"considerably":[17,81],"with":[18,109],"system":[19,95,175],"configuration,":[20],"scale,":[21,96,181],"climatic":[22,179],"conditions,":[23,98,180],"evaluation":[25],"methods.":[26],"Four":[27],"architectures":[28],"were":[29],"considered:":[30],"solar":[31,36,42],"chimney\u2013solar":[32],"still":[33],"(SCSS),":[35],"chimney\u2013reverse":[37],"osmosis":[38],"(SCROT),":[40],"photovoltaic-integrated":[41],"chimney":[43],"desalination":[44,51],"(PVCDS),":[46],"atmospheric":[48],"vortex":[49],"engine":[50],"(AVEDS).":[53],"Enhanced":[54],"SCSS":[55],"configurations":[56],"typically":[57],"achieved":[58],"water":[59,83,182],"productivity":[60],"of":[61],"4.7\u20136.2":[62],"L/m":[63],"2":[64],"\u00b7day,":[65],"while":[66],"condenser":[67],"airflow":[69],"modifications":[70],"improved":[71],"by":[73,92],"approximately":[74],"8.8\u20139.1":[75],"%.":[76],"Large-scale":[77],"hybrid":[78],"higher":[82],"outputs,":[86],"although":[87,163],"direct":[88],"comparison":[89],"is":[90,172],"limited":[91],"differences":[93],"in":[94],"operating":[97],"reporting":[99],"units,":[100],"methodology.":[102],"Strong":[103],"site":[104],"dependence":[105],"was":[106],"also":[107,157],"observed,":[108],"annual":[110],"electricity":[111],"generation":[112],"ranging":[113],"from":[114],"347.6":[115],"to":[116],"676.2":[117],"MWh/year":[118],"across":[119],"different":[120],"locations.":[121],"SCROT":[122],"provides":[123],"high":[124],"freshwater-production":[125],"capacity":[126],"but":[127,147],"involves":[128],"greater":[129],"brine-management":[132],"requirements,":[133],"whereas":[134],"PVCDS":[135],"improves":[136],"combined":[137],"energy\u2013water":[138],"utilization.":[139],"AVEDS":[140],"shows":[141],"economic":[143,189],"scalability":[145],"potential":[146],"requires":[148],"further":[149],"field":[150],"validation.":[151],"Numerical":[152],"modeling":[153],"AI-based":[155],"optimization":[156],"opportunities":[159],"enhancement,":[162],"experimental":[164],"evidence":[165],"remains":[166],"limited.":[167],"Overall,":[168],"no":[169],"single":[170],"architecture":[171],"universally":[173],"superior;":[174],"selection":[176],"depends":[177],"on":[178],"demands,":[185],"land":[186],"availability,":[187],"constraints.":[190],"Future":[191],"research":[192],"should":[193],"prioritize":[194],"standardized":[195],"metrics,":[197],"uncertainty":[198],"analysis,":[199],"pilot-scale":[200],"validation,":[201],"advanced":[202],"thermal":[203],"storage,":[204],"comprehensive":[206],"techno-economic":[207],"assessment.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-08-20T00:00:00"}