{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203765331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16168256","title":"Integrated Simulation of Electrochemical Corrosion for Dynamic Assessment of Substation Grounding System Condition","display_name":"Integrated Simulation of Electrochemical Corrosion for Dynamic Assessment of Substation Grounding System Condition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203765331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16168256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16168256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16168256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16168256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7203765331"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16168256","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090015538","display_name":"\u0421. \u0412. \u0412\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4267-3468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4267-3468"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131705","display_name":"Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x368n87","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131705"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sofiya V. Voytkevich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation of Production Processes, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4267-3468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation of Production Processes, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024850424","display_name":"Vladimir V. Kaverin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-7445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-7445","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3559-8556"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131705","display_name":"Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x368n87","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131705"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Kaverin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation of Production Processes, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation of Production Processes, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080812110","display_name":"Leonid Daich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-5857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-5857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131705","display_name":"Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x368n87","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131705"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonid Daich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation of Production Processes, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation of Production Processes, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131705"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022772880","display_name":"Dmitriy Lissitsyn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131705","display_name":"Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x368n87","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131705"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitriy Lissitsyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation of Production Processes, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation of Production Processes, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131705"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090015538"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131705"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"16","first_page":"8256","last_page":"8256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.29760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.29760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10310","display_name":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","score":0.2797999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.1200999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-corrosion","display_name":"electrochemical corrosion","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substation-grounding-system","display_name":"substation grounding system","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion-rate-modeling","display_name":"corrosion rate modeling","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faraday-s-law","display_name":"Faraday's law","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-concentration","display_name":"chloride concentration","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture","display_name":"soil moisture","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-acidity","display_name":"soil acidity","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-temperature-effects","display_name":"seasonal temperature effects","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage-current","display_name":"leakage current","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grounding-resistance","display_name":"grounding resistance","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-voltage","display_name":"step voltage","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168993435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501125","display_name":"Ground","level":2,"score":0.8158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5824000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78779171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432571","display_name":"Earthing system","level":3,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2039551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200297","display_name":"Thermal power station","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200769187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2360656","display_name":"Arc flash","level":3,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162175671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3749263","display_name":"Electrical equipment","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131321042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656685","display_name":"Operating temperature","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781272187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5173027","display_name":"Corrosion monitoring","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16168256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16168256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16168256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57ef47818512425c91bd56376ec1a579","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57ef47818512425c91bd56376ec1a579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 16, Iss 16, p 8256 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16168256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16168256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16168256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4162953165","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/05tyne317"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W289790066","https://openalex.org/W2336671771","https://openalex.org/W2724730420","https://openalex.org/W2776494112","https://openalex.org/W2806880589","https://openalex.org/W2895312284","https://openalex.org/W2979743443","https://openalex.org/W2998435143","https://openalex.org/W2999590200","https://openalex.org/W3023506463","https://openalex.org/W3041151698","https://openalex.org/W3041883259","https://openalex.org/W3047235602","https://openalex.org/W3049402228","https://openalex.org/W3082507301","https://openalex.org/W3083579236","https://openalex.org/W3107487242","https://openalex.org/W3118075283","https://openalex.org/W3122330777","https://openalex.org/W3128670106","https://openalex.org/W3138643564","https://openalex.org/W3158964111","https://openalex.org/W3159687806","https://openalex.org/W3200276715","https://openalex.org/W3200663578","https://openalex.org/W3208897540","https://openalex.org/W4205704365","https://openalex.org/W4210529949","https://openalex.org/W4210582563","https://openalex.org/W4220912494","https://openalex.org/W4282929737","https://openalex.org/W4296350552","https://openalex.org/W4307405092","https://openalex.org/W4323567454","https://openalex.org/W4376457952","https://openalex.org/W4391103581","https://openalex.org/W4391565115","https://openalex.org/W4391565154","https://openalex.org/W4391996026","https://openalex.org/W4393281738","https://openalex.org/W4399130046","https://openalex.org/W4401368368","https://openalex.org/W4401427950","https://openalex.org/W4403183336","https://openalex.org/W4405071303","https://openalex.org/W4409015618","https://openalex.org/W4409560169","https://openalex.org/W4411853398","https://openalex.org/W4412003970","https://openalex.org/W4414432348","https://openalex.org/W4414524044","https://openalex.org/W7125520025","https://openalex.org/W7155154907","https://openalex.org/W7160054961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2611096233","https://openalex.org/W3091831701","https://openalex.org/W7123724071","https://openalex.org/W2895312284","https://openalex.org/W2368068299","https://openalex.org/W4323567454","https://openalex.org/W2034648134","https://openalex.org/W4401427950","https://openalex.org/W3047362979","https://openalex.org/W4416198927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrochemical":[0],"corrosion":[1,29,93],"is":[2,95],"one":[3],"of":[4,8,10,20,37,63,67,91,101,117,119,135,146,157,168,178],"the":[5,17,34,61,64,99,102,114,132,144,155,159,166,176],"main":[6,65],"causes":[7],"degradation":[9,118],"substation":[11],"grounding":[12,56,120,136,141,161],"devices":[13],"and":[14,40,43,59,81,143,174],"directly":[15],"impacts":[16],"operational":[18],"reliability":[19],"electric":[21],"power":[22],"facilities.":[23],"Despite":[24],"numerous":[25],"studies":[26],"on":[27,85],"individual":[28],"factors,":[30],"comprehensive":[31],"models":[32],"considering":[33],"combined":[35],"effects":[36],"soil":[38,74],"physical":[39],"chemical":[41],"properties":[42],"electrical":[44],"operating":[45,149],"conditions":[46],"remain":[47],"limited.":[48],"This":[49],"study":[50],"analyzes":[51],"emergency":[52],"situations":[53],"associated":[54],"with":[55],"system":[57,121],"failures":[58],"examines":[60],"effect":[62],"factors":[66,103],"electrochemical":[68,92],"corrosion,":[69],"including":[70],"chloride":[71],"ion":[72],"concentration,":[73],"moisture,":[75],"environmental":[76],"acidity,":[77],"seasonal":[78],"temperature":[79],"changes,":[80],"leakage":[82],"currents.":[83],"Based":[84],"Faraday\u2019s":[86],"law,":[87],"a":[88],"mathematical":[89],"model":[90,128],"rate":[94],"proposed":[96,127],"that":[97],"combines":[98],"influence":[100],"considered":[104],"through":[105],"correction":[106],"factors.":[107],"For":[108],"practical":[109],"implementation,":[110],"an":[111],"algorithm":[112,153],"for":[113],"dynamic":[115],"assessment":[116],"elements":[122],"has":[123],"been":[124],"developed.":[125],"The":[126,151],"predicts":[129],"changes":[130,139],"in":[131,140],"cross-sectional":[133],"area":[134],"device":[137],"elements,":[138],"resistance,":[142],"occurrence":[145,167],"potentially":[147],"hazardous":[148,169],"conditions.":[150],"developed":[152],"assesses":[154],"risk":[156],"exceeding":[158],"permissible":[160],"potential,":[162],"violating":[163],"thermal":[164],"withstand,":[165],"step":[170],"voltages,":[171],"insulating":[172],"breakdown,":[173],"disrupting":[175],"selectivity":[177],"relay":[179],"protection":[180],"devices.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-08-20T00:00:00"}