{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203762879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17080864","title":"Pilot Study of Grape Pomace Extract Impact on Nosema ceranae-Infected Honey Bees","display_name":"Pilot Study of Grape Pomace Extract Impact on Nosema ceranae-Infected Honey Bees","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203762879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17080864","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42652518","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13513113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/insects17080864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17080864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17080864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28057480","display_name":"Insects","issn_l":"2075-4450","issn":["2075-4450"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Insects","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17080864","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070111902","display_name":"Uro\u0161 Glavini\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2143-1611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2143-1611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Uro\u0161 Glavini\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2143-1611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088232041","display_name":"Stefan Jelisi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-182X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-182X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Jelisi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-182X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033548399","display_name":"Marko Ristani\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-7321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-7321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Ristani\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-7321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071014785","display_name":"\u0110ura J. Nakarada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-6430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-6430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0110ura Nakarada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Center for Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems, BioScope Labs, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-6430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Center for Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems, BioScope Labs, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031894014","display_name":"Branislav Vejnovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-7446","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-7446"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Branislav Vejnovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-7446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058609072","display_name":"Milivoje \u0106osi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-2963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-2963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109515","display_name":"Institute of Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/017vm7w59","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109515"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milivoje \u0106osi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Forestry, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Forestry, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085287183","display_name":"Zoran Stanimirovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2657-8591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2657-8591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoran Stanimirovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2657-8591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070111902"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":3.7384,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8492737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"864","last_page":"864"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11641","display_name":"Insect and Pesticide Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11641","display_name":"Insect and Pesticide Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11386","display_name":"Bee Products Chemical Analysis","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosema-ceranae","display_name":"Nosema ceranae","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apis-mellifera","display_name":"Apis mellifera","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grape-pomace-extract","display_name":"grape pomace extract","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplementation","display_name":"dietary supplementation","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-genes","display_name":"antioxidant genes","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-related-gene-expression","display_name":"immune gene expression","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spore-load","display_name":"spore load","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defensins","display_name":"defensins","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hymenoptaecin","display_name":"hymenoptaecin","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-disease-control","display_name":"natural disease control","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781375616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2700718","display_name":"Nosema ceranae","level":5,"score":0.9800999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9023000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777308519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2708701","display_name":"Nosema","level":4,"score":0.8083999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780488879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184398","display_name":"Propolis","level":2,"score":0.7074999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777907900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102857","display_name":"Honey bee","level":2,"score":0.6625999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35421065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927202","display_name":"Pomace","level":2,"score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776309324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120199","display_name":"Fumagillin","level":3,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777096740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102857","display_name":"Honey Bees","level":2,"score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174618031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177332","display_name":"Spore","level":2,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132652","display_name":"Microsporidia","level":3,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776474821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83093","display_name":"Mushroom","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780255968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816730","display_name":"Probiotic","level":3,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152444672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936487","display_name":"Beneficial organism","level":4,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147490343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627153","display_name":"Worker bee","level":3,"score":0.26510000228881836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/insects17080864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17080864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17080864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28057480","display_name":"Insects","issn_l":"2075-4450","issn":["2075-4450"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Insects","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13513113","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13513113/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13513113/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Insects","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42652518","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42652518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Insects","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e83e22c1d61b47838dc5954984a33a92","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e83e22c1d61b47838dc5954984a33a92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Insects, Vol 17, Iss 8, p 864 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs:123456789/5380","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402484","display_name":"Veterinar \u2013 Repository of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210101313","host_organization_name":"University Hospital Center Dr Dragi\u0161a Mi\u0161ovi\u0107","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101313"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Insects","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/insects17080864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17080864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17080864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28057480","display_name":"Insects","issn_l":"2075-4450","issn":["2075-4450"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Insects","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329307","display_name":"Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia","ror":"https://ror.org/02r531a15"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203762879.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203762879.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1068367366","https://openalex.org/W1552138549","https://openalex.org/W1618455751","https://openalex.org/W1964510698","https://openalex.org/W1971998818","https://openalex.org/W1985395508","https://openalex.org/W1991830886","https://openalex.org/W1998351766","https://openalex.org/W1999575209","https://openalex.org/W2010169722","https://openalex.org/W2027518719","https://openalex.org/W2034553704","https://openalex.org/W2037145972","https://openalex.org/W2037260114","https://openalex.org/W2039440110","https://openalex.org/W2057829915","https://openalex.org/W2081441274","https://openalex.org/W2092710676","https://openalex.org/W2098605729","https://openalex.org/W2106522517","https://openalex.org/W2115943082","https://openalex.org/W2123759872","https://openalex.org/W2140421409","https://openalex.org/W2156845251","https://openalex.org/W2316605894","https://openalex.org/W2415838129","https://openalex.org/W2601074930","https://openalex.org/W2738032195","https://openalex.org/W2767745720","https://openalex.org/W2788539965","https://openalex.org/W2791453184","https://openalex.org/W2793305538","https://openalex.org/W2942873495","https://openalex.org/W2986458674","https://openalex.org/W3038459913","https://openalex.org/W3082036603","https://openalex.org/W3136748992","https://openalex.org/W3159157324","https://openalex.org/W3161538496","https://openalex.org/W3202100937","https://openalex.org/W3204825269","https://openalex.org/W4211023742","https://openalex.org/W4214532388","https://openalex.org/W4220771622","https://openalex.org/W4283575862","https://openalex.org/W4283767471","https://openalex.org/W4308523677","https://openalex.org/W4313415468","https://openalex.org/W4388723409","https://openalex.org/W4391809404","https://openalex.org/W4393081854","https://openalex.org/W4394837064","https://openalex.org/W4396641426","https://openalex.org/W4396956454","https://openalex.org/W4399458745","https://openalex.org/W4400370297","https://openalex.org/W4402619308","https://openalex.org/W4406526385","https://openalex.org/W4407059779","https://openalex.org/W4411416170","https://openalex.org/W4411589543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394837064","https://openalex.org/W7055886279","https://openalex.org/W7151431293","https://openalex.org/W3136748992","https://openalex.org/W4416460730","https://openalex.org/W3209866075","https://openalex.org/W4313043197","https://openalex.org/W7167799007","https://openalex.org/W3196969132","https://openalex.org/W7125885997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nosema":[0,69,251],"ceranae":[1,70,81,122,252],"infection":[2,123],"represents":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,32,47,55,110,158,166,177,189,250],"the":[6,30,35,45,156,164,187,248],"major":[7],"health":[8,66],"threats":[9],"to":[10,16,27,263],"honey":[11,64,243],"bees":[12,75],"(Apis":[13],"mellifera),":[14],"contributing":[15],"colony":[17],"weakening,":[18],"oxidative":[19,131,179],"stress,":[20],"immune":[21,133,225],"suppression,":[22],"and":[23,34,67,82,108,113,128,132,143,173,194,218,246,259],"increased":[24],"mortality.":[25],"Due":[26],"restrictions":[28],"on":[29],"use":[31],"fumagillin":[33],"growing":[36],"demand":[37],"for":[38,62,88,241],"natural":[39,238],"alternatives,":[40],"this":[41],"pilot":[42],"study":[43],"evaluated":[44],"potential":[46,235],"grape":[48,211,230],"pomace":[49,212,231],"(GP)":[50],"extract":[51,96,139,161,213,232],"(at":[52],"a":[53,59,237],"concentration":[54],"200":[56],"\u03bcg/g)":[57],"as":[58,236],"dietary":[60,239],"supplement":[61,240],"improving":[63,242],"bee":[65,126,244],"controlling":[68],"infection.":[71,104,159,228,253],"Newly":[72],"emerged":[73],"worker":[74],"were":[76,92,116,200],"experimentally":[77],"infected":[78,148,205],"with":[79,94,100,137,256],"N.":[80,121],"maintained":[83,203],"under":[84],"laboratory":[85],"cage":[86],"conditions":[87],"15":[89],"days.":[90],"Bees":[91],"supplemented":[93],"GP":[95,138,184],"either":[97],"preventively,":[98],"simultaneously":[99],"infection,":[101],"or":[102,154],"after":[103],"Survival,":[105],"spore":[106,145],"loads,":[107],"expression":[109,165,188],"immune-,":[111],"antioxidant-,":[112],"detoxification-related":[114],"genes":[115],"evaluated.":[117,265],"Results":[118],"showed":[119],"that":[120,210],"significantly":[124,140],"reduced":[125,144],"survival":[127,142],"induced":[129],"strong":[130],"stress":[134],"responses.":[135],"Supplementation":[136],"improved":[141],"loads":[146],"in":[147,204],"bees,":[149,183],"particularly":[150],"when":[151],"administered":[152],"preventively":[153],"at":[155],"onset":[157],"The":[160,207],"also":[162],"modulated":[163],"antioxidant-related":[167],"genes,":[168,191],"including":[169],"CAT,":[170],"Cu/ZnSOD,":[171],"GST,":[172],"MnSOD,":[174],"indicating":[175],"attenuation":[176],"infection-associated":[178],"stress.":[180],"In":[181],"non-infected":[182],"supplementation":[185],"stimulated":[186],"immune-related":[190],"especially":[192],"defensin":[193],"hymenoptaecin,":[195],"while":[196],"such":[197],"immunostimulatory":[198],"effects":[199],"not":[201],"fully":[202],"groups.":[206],"findings":[208],"suggest":[209],"acts":[214],"primarily":[215],"through":[216],"antioxidant":[217],"gut":[219],"health-associated":[220],"mechanisms":[221],"rather":[222],"than":[223],"direct":[224],"protection":[226],"during":[227],"Overall,":[229],"demonstrated":[233],"promising":[234],"resilience":[245],"reducing":[247],"impact":[249],"Further":[254],"studies":[255],"more":[257],"concentrations":[258],"temporal":[260],"dynamics":[261],"need":[262],"be":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-08-20T00:00:00"}
