{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203762050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2026.320","title":"Sustainable treatment of textile wastewater using a bio-based batch filtration system: physicochemical performance assessment and economic evaluation","display_name":"Sustainable treatment of textile wastewater using a bio-based batch filtration system: physicochemical performance assessment and economic evaluation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203762050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2026.320","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2166/wst.2026.320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2026.320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2026.320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53450646","display_name":"Water Science & Technology","issn_l":"0273-1223","issn":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320146","host_organization_name":"Pergamon Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pergamon Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Science & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7203762050"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2026.320","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147646171","display_name":"Ruman Uddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1709-8667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1709-8667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144275","display_name":"Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxvyy35","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruman Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1709-8667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdul Ahad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2039-2664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2039-2664"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144275","display_name":"Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxvyy35","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Ahad","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2039-2664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146364327","display_name":"Samsul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-164X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-164X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144275","display_name":"Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxvyy35","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samsul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-164X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147451560","display_name":"Md. Yeasin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1836-087X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1836-087X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144275","display_name":"Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxvyy35","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Yeasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1836-087X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147568503","display_name":"Md. Moshedul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2622-712X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2622-712X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144275","display_name":"Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxvyy35","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Moshedul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2622-712X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124345561","display_name":"Tasnim Alam Sayedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2912-2736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2912-2736"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144275","display_name":"Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxvyy35","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tasnim Alam Sayedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2912-2736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118114563","display_name":"Amanullah Moral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1282-617X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1282-617X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanullah Moral","raw_affiliation_strings":["c Department of Aerospace Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1282-617X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c Department of Aerospace Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092185594","display_name":"Akib Atique Khan Dhrubo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2050-4930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2050-4930"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144275","display_name":"Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxvyy35","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akib Atique Khan Dhrubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2050-4930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"4","first_page":"521","last_page":"542"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.4099000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.4099000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.32910001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14252","display_name":"Water and Wastewater Treatment","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textile-wastewater-treatment","display_name":"textile wastewater treatment","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sugarcane-bagasse-fiber","display_name":"sugarcane bagasse fiber","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coconut-fiber","display_name":"coconut fiber","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-filters","display_name":"multilayer filters","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-filtration","display_name":"gravity filtration","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption","display_name":"adsorption","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cod-removal","display_name":"COD removal","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbidity-removal","display_name":"turbidity removal","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-dissolved-solids-removal","display_name":"total dissolved solids removal","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-feasibility","display_name":"economic feasibility","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-wastewater-treatment","display_name":"low-cost wastewater treatment","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangladesh","display_name":"Bangladesh","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128489963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187724","display_name":"Filtration (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8210999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134643618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q799856","display_name":"Bagasse","level":2,"score":0.6111000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.574400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.5706999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164767435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28823","display_name":"Textile","level":2,"score":0.47269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4891672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3995966","display_name":"Total suspended solids","level":4,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188287460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555857","display_name":"Chemical oxygen demand","level":3,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19570952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905309","display_name":"Suspended solids","level":3,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129360787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466917","display_name":"Total dissolved solids","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198302294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215624","display_name":"Biochemical oxygen demand","level":4,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49671963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864323","display_name":"Biofilter","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002482","descriptor_name":"Cellulose","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003059","descriptor_name":"Cocos","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005374","descriptor_name":"Filtration","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005374","descriptor_name":"Filtration","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007220","descriptor_name":"Industrial Waste","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013783","descriptor_name":"Textile Industry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014865","descriptor_name":"Waste Disposal, Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014865","descriptor_name":"Waste Disposal, Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018508","descriptor_name":"Water Purification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062065","descriptor_name":"Wastewater","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2166/wst.2026.320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2026.320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2026.320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53450646","display_name":"Water Science & Technology","issn_l":"0273-1223","issn":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320146","host_organization_name":"Pergamon Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pergamon Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Science & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42670993","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2166/wst.2026.320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2026.320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2026.320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53450646","display_name":"Water Science & Technology","issn_l":"0273-1223","issn":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320146","host_organization_name":"Pergamon Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pergamon Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Science & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992182188","https://openalex.org/W1993612803","https://openalex.org/W1994380633","https://openalex.org/W1994948464","https://openalex.org/W1997227831","https://openalex.org/W2010477000","https://openalex.org/W2012883422","https://openalex.org/W2015478266","https://openalex.org/W2027624111","https://openalex.org/W2029024482","https://openalex.org/W2037678953","https://openalex.org/W2037970173","https://openalex.org/W2062814313","https://openalex.org/W2075144475","https://openalex.org/W2082212416","https://openalex.org/W2089013875","https://openalex.org/W2091121993","https://openalex.org/W2091322147","https://openalex.org/W2115646168","https://openalex.org/W2131540479","https://openalex.org/W2134314583","https://openalex.org/W2139625757","https://openalex.org/W2167364389","https://openalex.org/W2335487093","https://openalex.org/W2781101011","https://openalex.org/W2885288681","https://openalex.org/W2890972587","https://openalex.org/W2893561644","https://openalex.org/W2899702175","https://openalex.org/W2909678388","https://openalex.org/W2931958322","https://openalex.org/W3080827235","https://openalex.org/W3097767493","https://openalex.org/W3137553801","https://openalex.org/W3198959226","https://openalex.org/W4205189214","https://openalex.org/W4283028394","https://openalex.org/W4283689663","https://openalex.org/W4293055281","https://openalex.org/W4293592450","https://openalex.org/W4362633013","https://openalex.org/W4366987367","https://openalex.org/W4375950038","https://openalex.org/W4379382872","https://openalex.org/W4382393786","https://openalex.org/W4385658549","https://openalex.org/W4391896922","https://openalex.org/W4393255200","https://openalex.org/W4396634113","https://openalex.org/W4401886538","https://openalex.org/W4402202406","https://openalex.org/W4402962159","https://openalex.org/W4403432991","https://openalex.org/W4409146822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059864490","https://openalex.org/W4400369402","https://openalex.org/W4404726083","https://openalex.org/W7082143924","https://openalex.org/W4409053482","https://openalex.org/W4417039237","https://openalex.org/W1997227831","https://openalex.org/W7223207383","https://openalex.org/W4412531014","https://openalex.org/W4407449828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Textile":[1],"industries":[2],"generate":[3],"large":[4],"volumes":[5],"of":[6,11,106,147,162,184],"wastewater,":[7],"containing":[8],"high":[9],"concentrations":[10],"organic":[12],"pollutants,":[13],"dissolved":[14,120],"solids,":[15],"and":[16,21,38,47,58,70,82,87,131,169,207],"suspended":[17],"particles,":[18],"requiring":[19],"eco-friendly":[20],"cost-effective":[22],"treatment":[23,45,152,156,182],"technologies.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"developed":[27],"a":[28,63,136,180],"gravity-driven":[29],"bio-based":[30,200],"batch":[31],"filtration":[32,65,138,175,201],"system":[33,202],"using":[34],"sugarcane":[35],"bagasse":[36],"fiber":[37,40,52,80,96],"coconut":[39],"to":[41,77],"investigate":[42],"textile":[43],"wastewater":[44],"performance":[46],"economic":[48],"feasibility.":[49],"Five":[50],"bagasse-to-coconut":[51],"ratios":[53],"(100:0,":[54],"0:100,":[55],"50:50,":[56],"75:25,":[57],"25:75)":[59],"were":[60,75],"evaluated":[61],"in":[62],"multilayer":[64],"system.":[66],"Scanning":[67],"electron":[68],"microscope":[69],"Fourier":[71],"transform":[72],"infrared":[73],"analyses":[74],"performed":[76],"characterize":[78],"the":[79,94,99,144,198],"morphology":[81],"adsorption-active":[83],"functional":[84],"groups":[85],"before":[86],"after":[88,135,173],"filtration.":[89],"Among":[90],"all":[91],"filter":[92],"configurations,":[93],"50:50":[95],"ratio":[97],"demonstrated":[98,179],"best":[100],"overall":[101,160],"performance,":[102],"achieving":[103,158],"removal":[104,161],"efficiencies":[105],"79.33%":[107],"for":[108,113,118,124,127,133,164,167,171,210],"biological":[109],"oxygen":[110,115],"demand,":[111,116],"75.75%":[112],"chemical":[114],"80.00%":[117],"total":[119],"solids":[121],"(TDS),":[122],"46.51%":[123],"turbidity,":[125,168],"77.45%":[126],"electrical":[128],"conductivity":[129],"(EC),":[130],"4.82%":[132],"pH":[134,142],"single":[137],"cycle,":[139],"while":[140],"maintaining":[141],"within":[143],"Bangladesh":[145],"Department":[146],"Environment":[148],"permissible":[149],"range.":[150],"Sequential":[151],"cycles":[153],"further":[154],"enhanced":[155],"efficiency,":[157],"an":[159,204],"89.17%":[163],"TDS,":[165],"81.52%":[166],"88.63%":[170],"EC":[172],"five":[174],"cycles.":[176],"Economic":[177],"evaluation":[178],"unit":[181],"cost":[183],"approximately":[185],"90.71":[186],"BDT/m3,":[187],"significantly":[188],"lower":[189],"than":[190],"activated":[191],"carbon-based":[192],"systems.":[193],"These":[194],"findings":[195],"suggest":[196],"that":[197],"proposed":[199],"provides":[203],"economical,":[205],"energy-free,":[206],"sustainable":[208],"alternative":[209],"resource-limited":[211],"regions":[212],"such":[213],"as":[214],"Bangladesh.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-20T00:00:00"}