{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203749030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080038784-9","title":"Self-employment and digitalization in Kazakhstan\u2019s megacities as a factor of internal migration acceleration","display_name":"Self-employment and digitalization in Kazakhstan\u2019s megacities as a factor of internal migration acceleration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203749030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080038784-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31696/s086919080038784-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080038784-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080038784-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193512","display_name":"Vostok Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva istoriia i sovremennost","issn_l":"0869-1908","issn":["0869-1908","2713-0401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312863","host_organization_name":"Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312863"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015961234","display_name":"Vyacheslav Yu. Dodonov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-417X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-417X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143225","display_name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/03pj6ge82","country_code":"KZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143225","https://openalex.org/I4401200292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153665","display_name":"Institute of Philosophy, Political Science and Religious Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04b82qh04","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153665","https://openalex.org/I4401200292"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vyacheslav Dodonov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Philosophy, Political Sciences and Religious Studies\" Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-417X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Philosophy, Political Sciences and Religious Studies\" Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143225","https://openalex.org/I4210153665"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015961234"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143225","https://openalex.org/I4210153665"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"4","first_page":"182","last_page":"182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13618","display_name":"Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13618","display_name":"Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.033900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13411","display_name":"Labor Market and Education","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-migration","display_name":"internal migration","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-employment","display_name":"self-employment","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitalization","display_name":"digitalization","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-to-urban-migration","display_name":"rural-urban migration","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megacities","display_name":"megacities","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pull-factors","display_name":"pull factors","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-market-structure","display_name":"labor market structure","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-retail","display_name":"online retail","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kazakhstan","display_name":"Kazakhstan","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-migration","display_name":"net migration","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777917351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863941","display_name":"Internal migration","level":3,"score":0.8309000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127040729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174844","display_name":"Megacity","level":2,"score":0.6743999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.54830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21992297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733683","display_name":"Net migration rate","level":4,"score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43246008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55638","display_name":"Tertiary sector of the economy","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777358941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667944","display_name":"Temporary work","level":3,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780370025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282773","display_name":"Labor mobility","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56281022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11308039","display_name":"Resizing","level":3,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779716410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444734","display_name":"Sectoral analysis","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76944698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204671","display_name":"Geographic mobility","level":3,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31696/s086919080038784-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080038784-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080038784-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193512","display_name":"Vostok Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva istoriia i sovremennost","issn_l":"0869-1908","issn":["0869-1908","2713-0401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312863","host_organization_name":"Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312863"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169569824","https://openalex.org/W3114732720","https://openalex.org/W7201990746","https://openalex.org/W7217337396","https://openalex.org/W3045459451","https://openalex.org/W3117821631","https://openalex.org/W2185099641","https://openalex.org/W4396240956","https://openalex.org/W4394754182","https://openalex.org/W7166444517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kazakhstan":[0,243],"is":[1,54],"experiencing":[2],"intensive":[3],"internal":[4,36,206,224],"migration":[5,146,225],"processes.":[6],"They":[7],"are":[8],"caused":[9],"by":[10],"both":[11],"push":[12],"factors":[13,23],"related":[14],"to":[15,56,80,88,113,213,232],"the":[16,33,45,57,62,70,82,85,105,114,136,148,153,157,161,183,210,214,221,234],"shrinking":[17],"role":[18],"of":[19,24,35,52,64,108,116,144,150,156,163,198,209,220,223,236,242],"agriculture":[20],"and":[21,97,141,160,167],"pull":[22,99],"better":[25],"employment":[26],"opportunities":[27,87],"in":[28,173,192],"urban":[29],"areas.":[30],"In":[31,103],"Kazakhstan,":[32,174],"processes":[34,187,235],"migration,":[37,40,207],"predominantly":[38],"rural-urban":[39],"have":[41,93],"significantly":[42,68],"accelerated":[43],"over":[44],"last":[46],"few":[47],"years.":[48],"The":[49,180,218],"main":[50],"flow":[51],"migrants":[53,130],"directed":[55],"country\u2019s":[58,215],"two":[59,171],"megacities,":[60],"where":[61],"number":[63,149,162],"self-employed":[65,91,151,199],"has":[66,121,227],"increased":[67],"during":[69],"same":[71],"period,":[72],"which":[73,120],"was":[74],"not":[75],"observed":[76],"before.":[77],"This":[78],"allowed":[79],"propose":[81],"hypothesis":[83,184],"that":[84,129,185],"growing":[86],"work":[89],"as":[90,175,177,202,244],"individuals":[92],"become":[94],"a":[95,127,139,195,203],"new":[96],"major":[98],"factor":[100],"for":[101,126,170],"migrants.":[102],"turn,":[104],"active":[106],"development":[107],"self-employment":[109],"can":[110],"be":[111],"linked":[112],"digitalization":[115,186],"some":[117],"service":[118],"industries,":[119],"created":[122],"an":[123],"additional":[124],"demand":[125],"workforce":[128],"fill.":[131],"To":[132],"assess":[133],"these":[134],"assumptions,":[135],"article":[137],"conducts":[138],"comparative":[140],"correlational":[142],"analysis":[143,181],"net":[145],"indicators,":[147],"people,":[152],"sectoral":[154],"structure":[155],"labor":[158,189],"market,":[159],"organizations":[164],"selling":[165],"goods":[166],"services":[168],"online":[169],"megacities":[172],"well":[176],"several":[178],"others.":[179],"confirmed":[182],"influence":[188],"market":[190],"growth":[191],"sectors":[193],"with":[194],"high":[196],"proportion":[197],"people":[200],"and,":[201],"result,":[204],"accelerate":[205],"primarily":[208],"rural":[211,240],"population":[212],"largest":[216],"cities.":[217],"study":[219],"direction":[222],"flows":[226],"also":[228],"made":[229],"it":[230],"possible":[231],"qualify":[233],"migrant":[237],"movement":[238],"from":[239],"areas":[241],"megapolization":[245],"rather":[246],"than":[247],"urbanization.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-20T00:00:00"}