{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203745041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","title":"Advances in the clinical application of stellate ganglion block for non-pain indications","display_name":"Advances in the clinical application of stellate ganglion block for non-pain indications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203745041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42688769","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13535522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147505223","display_name":"Yachao Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156971","display_name":"The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7fas76","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yachao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Xiaoshan District"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Xiaoshan District","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040585344","display_name":"\u5353\u534e","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156971","display_name":"The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7fas76","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Zhuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Xiaoshan District"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Xiaoshan District","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156971"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100312557","display_name":"Lingang Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156971","display_name":"The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7fas76","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Xiaoshan District"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Xiaoshan District","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156971"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100312557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156971"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53571429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1840174","last_page":"1840174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.5493000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.5493000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.1454000025987625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12625","display_name":"Sympathectomy and Hyperhidrosis Treatments","score":0.08550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellate-ganglion-block","display_name":"stellate ganglion block","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventricular-arrhythmias","display_name":"ventricular arrhythmias","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menopausal-hot-flashes","display_name":"menopausal hot flashes","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insomnia","display_name":"insomnia","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrovascular-disease","display_name":"cerebrovascular disease","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomic-dysfunction","display_name":"autonomic dysfunction","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sympathetic-nerve-blockade","display_name":"sympathetic nerve block","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound-guided-nerve-block","display_name":"ultrasound-guided nerve block","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qt-dispersion","display_name":"QT dispersion","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locus-coeruleus","display_name":"locus coeruleus","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norepinephrine","display_name":"norepinephrine","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-quality","display_name":"sleep quality","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-function","display_name":"cognitive function","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy-and-safety","display_name":"treatment efficacy and safety","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8773999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6643000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777992791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493503","display_name":"Stellate ganglion","level":3,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778468042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273976","display_name":"Blockade","level":3,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018557409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249526","display_name":"Cerebral hypoperfusion","level":3,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46762472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178648","display_name":"Peripheral","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.27630001306533813}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13535522","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13535522/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13535522/pdf/fmed-13-1840174.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Med (Lausanne)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42688769","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42688769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5baf9219183f4656b8927ceff90cb3cf","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5baf9219183f4656b8927ceff90cb3cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 13 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1840174/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203745041.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203745041.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96759990","https://openalex.org/W1485451242","https://openalex.org/W1594098812","https://openalex.org/W1872921833","https://openalex.org/W1971508523","https://openalex.org/W1973608488","https://openalex.org/W1986896280","https://openalex.org/W2001597869","https://openalex.org/W2003595273","https://openalex.org/W2007061416","https://openalex.org/W2019288480","https://openalex.org/W2033717963","https://openalex.org/W2034255438","https://openalex.org/W2035960106","https://openalex.org/W2036253929","https://openalex.org/W2042228003","https://openalex.org/W2046176192","https://openalex.org/W2052529550","https://openalex.org/W2053918033","https://openalex.org/W2060071815","https://openalex.org/W2061570964","https://openalex.org/W2086829167","https://openalex.org/W2101518281","https://openalex.org/W2105842913","https://openalex.org/W2110245748","https://openalex.org/W2112164817","https://openalex.org/W2117520545","https://openalex.org/W2149871959","https://openalex.org/W2158786885","https://openalex.org/W2166194040","https://openalex.org/W2234809328","https://openalex.org/W2312411828","https://openalex.org/W2335959123","https://openalex.org/W2396909213","https://openalex.org/W2509533998","https://openalex.org/W2626896647","https://openalex.org/W2747892834","https://openalex.org/W2748126180","https://openalex.org/W2750595980","https://openalex.org/W2751494359","https://openalex.org/W2784804807","https://openalex.org/W2794059390","https://openalex.org/W2802116957","https://openalex.org/W2898127746","https://openalex.org/W2921564478","https://openalex.org/W2936204365","https://openalex.org/W2970663887","https://openalex.org/W2970776230","https://openalex.org/W2987627973","https://openalex.org/W2995101156","https://openalex.org/W3035989474","https://openalex.org/W3093741280","https://openalex.org/W3114498584","https://openalex.org/W3128916194","https://openalex.org/W3139118271","https://openalex.org/W3148953168","https://openalex.org/W3160885456","https://openalex.org/W3170541129","https://openalex.org/W3213844437","https://openalex.org/W3213972630","https://openalex.org/W4200150865","https://openalex.org/W4205123629","https://openalex.org/W4220738815","https://openalex.org/W4285044412","https://openalex.org/W4285740420","https://openalex.org/W4293087981","https://openalex.org/W4295540536","https://openalex.org/W4313204710","https://openalex.org/W4317211336","https://openalex.org/W4317358747","https://openalex.org/W4318825493","https://openalex.org/W4323058173","https://openalex.org/W4328089517","https://openalex.org/W4367668160","https://openalex.org/W4381949527","https://openalex.org/W4386393032","https://openalex.org/W4386713270","https://openalex.org/W4389089567","https://openalex.org/W4390114282","https://openalex.org/W4390831147","https://openalex.org/W4391344073","https://openalex.org/W4391825486","https://openalex.org/W4393237332","https://openalex.org/W4393365123","https://openalex.org/W4399118406","https://openalex.org/W4402428597","https://openalex.org/W4402506556","https://openalex.org/W4403064667","https://openalex.org/W4404412562","https://openalex.org/W4404796463","https://openalex.org/W4409032791","https://openalex.org/W4410183416","https://openalex.org/W4410455455","https://openalex.org/W4411400881","https://openalex.org/W4411672422","https://openalex.org/W4412627421","https://openalex.org/W4414020146","https://openalex.org/W4414751313","https://openalex.org/W4415406428","https://openalex.org/W4415532174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412650235","https://openalex.org/W4318912012","https://openalex.org/W4361278398","https://openalex.org/W4381273580","https://openalex.org/W2387490154","https://openalex.org/W4414751313","https://openalex.org/W4362635031","https://openalex.org/W4321352727","https://openalex.org/W3160885456","https://openalex.org/W4200150865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Stellate":[1,130,288],"ganglion":[2,131,289],"block":[3,9,132,290],"(SGB)":[4],"is":[5,230],"a":[6,143,162,252],"peripheral":[7],"nerve":[8],"technique":[10],"involving":[11],"injection":[12],"of":[13,37,122,147,155,188,220,224,282],"local":[14],"anesthetics":[15],"and/or":[16],"steroids":[17],"near":[18],"the":[19,35,59,241,280],"stellate":[20],"ganglion.":[21],"Traditionally":[22],"used":[23],"for":[24,296],"pain-related":[25],"syndromes,":[26],"SGB":[27,63,107,353],"has":[28,291,313],"recently":[29],"expanded":[30],"into":[31],"non-pain":[32,66,109,300],"fields":[33],"with":[34,118,157],"advancement":[36],"ultrasound":[38,311],"guidance,":[39],"showing":[40],"therapeutic":[41,70,134],"potential":[42],"in":[43,65,108,165,184,256,279,299],"arrhythmias,":[44],"menopausal":[45],"hot":[46,180],"flashes,":[47],"psychiatric":[48],"disorders,":[49],"cerebrovascular":[50],"diseases,":[51,76],"insomnia,":[52],"and":[53,72,80,84,101,126,174,206,307,324,338,348],"COVID-19":[54],"sequelae.":[55],"Objective":[56],"To":[57],"review":[58,90],"current":[60],"evidence":[61,229,316],"on":[62,106,115,120],"applications":[64],"conditions,":[67],"evaluate":[68],"its":[69],"efficacy":[71],"safety":[73,127],"across":[74,136],"different":[75],"elucidate":[77],"underlying":[78],"mechanisms,":[79],"identify":[81],"research":[82,342],"gaps":[83],"future":[85],"directions.":[86],"Methods":[87],"This":[88],"narrative":[89],"synthesized":[91],"data":[92],"from":[93,354],"published":[94],"literature":[95],"including":[96],"case":[97],"reports,":[98],"cohort":[99,274],"studies,":[100],"randomized":[102,228,244],"controlled":[103,245],"trials":[104,267],"(RCTs)":[105],"conditions.":[110],"Studies":[111],"were":[112],"analyzed":[113],"based":[114],"disease":[116],"categories,":[117],"focus":[119],"mechanism":[121],"action,":[123],"clinical":[124],"outcomes,":[125],"profiles.":[128],"Results":[129],"demonstrates":[133],"effects":[135],"six":[137],"domains:":[138],"(1)":[139],"Ventricular":[140],"arrhythmias:":[141],"In":[142],"multicenter":[144,243,328],"observational":[145,325],"study":[146],"131":[148],"patients":[149,156,283],"(the":[150],"STAR":[151],"study),":[152],"92%":[153],"(106/115)":[154],"treatable":[158],"arrhythmic":[159],"episodes":[160],"achieved":[161],"\u226550%":[163],"reduction":[164,183,255],"arrhythmia":[166],"burden":[167],"within":[168],"12":[169],"h":[170],"via":[171,196,222],"sympathetic":[172,303],"blockade":[173],"QT":[175],"dispersion":[176],"reduction;":[177],"(2)":[178],"Menopausal":[179],"flashes:":[181],"Significant":[182],"frequency":[185],"through":[186,284,302],"modulation":[187],"thermoregulatory":[189],"pathways;":[190],"(3)":[191],"Insomnia:":[192],"Improved":[193],"sleep":[194],"quality":[195],"autonomic":[197,285,297],"balance":[198],"restoration;":[199],"(4)":[200],"Cerebrovascular":[201],"diseases:":[202],"Enhanced":[203],"cerebral":[204],"perfusion":[205],"cognitive":[207],"function;":[208],"(5)":[209],"Post-Traumatic":[210],"Stress":[211],"Disorder":[212],"(PTSD):":[213],"Case":[214],"series":[215],"have":[216],"reported":[217],"response":[218],"rates":[219],"70%\u201375%":[221],"inhibition":[223],"locus":[225],"coeruleus-norepinephrine":[226],"circuits;":[227],"mixed\u2013a":[231],"small":[232,320],"early":[233],"trial":[234,246],"found":[235],"no":[236],"benefit":[237],"over":[238],"sham,":[239],"whereas":[240],"subsequent":[242],"(":[247,260],"n":[248],"=":[249,262],"113)":[250],"demonstrated":[251],"statistically":[253],"significant":[254],"PTSD":[257],"symptom":[258,277],"severity":[259],"P":[261],"0.01)\u2013and":[263],"adequately":[264],"powered":[265],"confirmatory":[266],"are":[268,330],"still":[269],"needed;":[270],"(6)":[271],"COVID-19:":[272],"Retrospective":[273],"studies":[275],"suggest":[276],"relief":[278],"majority":[281],"reset.":[286],"Conclusion":[287],"become":[292],"an":[293],"important":[294],"intervention":[295],"dysfunction":[298],"conditions":[301],"blockade,":[304],"neuroendocrine":[305],"modulation,":[306],"anti-inflammatory":[308],"effects.":[309],"Although":[310],"guidance":[312],"improved":[314],"safety,":[315],"remains":[317],"limited":[318],"by":[319],"RCTs,":[321],"heterogeneous":[322],"protocols,":[323],"designs.":[326],"Rigorous":[327],"RCTs":[329],"needed":[331],"to":[332,351,357],"confirm":[333],"efficacy,":[334],"define":[335],"patient":[336],"selection,":[337],"standardize":[339],"protocols.":[340],"Further":[341],"should":[343],"investigate":[344],"central":[345],"regulatory":[346],"mechanisms":[347],"long-term":[349],"neuroplasticity":[350],"advance":[352],"empirical":[355],"therapy":[356],"precision":[358],"intervention.":[359]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-08-20T00:00:00"}