{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203738362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114766","title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Different Oxygen Layer Inhibitors on the Thickness of the Oxygen-Inhibited Layer on Nanohybrid Resin Composite and Its Surface Microhardness: An In Vitro Study","display_name":"Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Different Oxygen Layer Inhibitors on the Thickness of the Oxygen-Inhibited Layer on Nanohybrid Resin Composite and Its Surface Microhardness: An In Vitro Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203738362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114766","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42761394","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13586482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.114766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114766","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147541114","display_name":"Thanvi Shaji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262175","display_name":"Malabar Dental College and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01teb2a37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanvi Shaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063711902","display_name":"Kavya Sabu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262175","display_name":"Malabar Dental College and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01teb2a37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kavya Sabu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113250778","display_name":"Sonu Ravindran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262175","display_name":"Malabar Dental College and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01teb2a37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonu Ravindran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061930418","display_name":"Sabir Muliyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0319-2402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0319-2402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262175","display_name":"Malabar Dental College and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01teb2a37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabir Muliyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000485015","display_name":"U. Suraj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262175","display_name":"Malabar Dental College and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01teb2a37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suraj U","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147498219","display_name":"Krishnapriya N","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262175","display_name":"Malabar Dental College and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01teb2a37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krishnapriya N","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5147498219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262175"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"8","first_page":"e114766","last_page":"e114766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11145","display_name":"Epoxy Resin Curing Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanohybrid-resin-composite","display_name":"nanohybrid composite resin","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-microhardness","display_name":"surface microhardness","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vickers-hardness","display_name":"Vickers hardness","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-resin-composites","display_name":"dental composites","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-profilometry","display_name":"optical profilometry","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetic-dentistry","display_name":"esthetic dentistry","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.670199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.6643999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138113353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q611639","display_name":"Polishing","level":2,"score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019280483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780993","display_name":"Resin composite","level":3,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4496999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165720898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150000","display_name":"Indentation hardness","level":3,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133392424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223404","display_name":"Vickers hardness test","level":3,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4144372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675287","display_name":"Magnification","level":2,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132976073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991861","display_name":"Curing (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79261456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q443756","display_name":"Profilometer","level":3,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140013486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q342945","display_name":"Acrylic resin","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781182303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412113","display_name":"Potassium thiocyanate","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51795115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182574","display_name":"Amalgam (chemistry)","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.114766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13586482","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13586482/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13586482/pdf/cureus-0018-00000114766.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42761394","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42761394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.114766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.766700029373169}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203738362.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203738362.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972609826","https://openalex.org/W1973487260","https://openalex.org/W1987033560","https://openalex.org/W2062676808","https://openalex.org/W2134971714","https://openalex.org/W2142962033","https://openalex.org/W2810469633","https://openalex.org/W2944013665","https://openalex.org/W3044771191","https://openalex.org/W3090420903","https://openalex.org/W3111602245","https://openalex.org/W3141238558","https://openalex.org/W3180599468","https://openalex.org/W4283518755","https://openalex.org/W4293182382","https://openalex.org/W4386640167","https://openalex.org/W4396522041","https://openalex.org/W4408926789","https://openalex.org/W4409965034","https://openalex.org/W4411872203","https://openalex.org/W7117735554","https://openalex.org/W7118003973","https://openalex.org/W7125693197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140292272","https://openalex.org/W4396522041","https://openalex.org/W4413603694","https://openalex.org/W4221136621","https://openalex.org/W4385567935","https://openalex.org/W4288719567","https://openalex.org/W4414590925","https://openalex.org/W1995779866","https://openalex.org/W2896776522","https://openalex.org/W5910185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,179],"evaluate":[5],"and":[6,24,53,73,103,170,210,255,280,294,307,323,336],"compare":[7],"the":[8,33,36,164,180,183,240,265,301,313,328],"effect":[9],"of":[10,35,59,69,142,175,182,188,208,223,303,315,321,327],"oxygen":[11],"layer":[12,38,78],"inhibitors":[13,79],"such":[14],"as":[15,67],"DeOx":[16,256,260,316],"(Ultradent":[17],"Products,":[18],"Inc.),":[19],"Mylar":[20,251,272,305,334],"strip":[21,252,273,335],"(Unident":[22],"Denmed),":[23],"post-polymerization":[25,247,276,308,337],"polishing":[26,248,277],"(Shofu":[27],"Super-Snap":[28],"Rainbow":[29],"Technique":[30],"Kit)":[31],"on":[32,40,163],"thickness":[34,130,236,293,320],"oxygen-inhibited":[37],"(OIL)":[39],"nanohybrid":[41,61,329],"resin":[42,62,330],"composite":[43,63],"(Ivoclar":[44],"Vivadent":[45],"Tetric":[46],"N-Ceram":[47],"Syringe":[48],"Refill":[49],"Universal":[50],"Composite":[51],"Resin)":[52],"its":[54],"microhardness.":[55],"Methodology":[56],"A":[57,221],"total":[58],"40":[60],"samples":[64,111,124,143],"were":[65,80,112,125,203,288,297],"shaped":[66],"discs":[68],"6":[70],"mm":[71,75,177],"diameter":[72],"4":[74,105],"thickness.":[76],"Oxygen":[77],"divided":[81],"into":[82],"Group":[83,89,96,104],"1":[84,176],"(DeOx,":[85],"n":[86,93,100,107],"=":[87,94,101,108],"10),":[88,95,102],"2":[90],"(Mylar":[91],"strip,":[92,306],"3":[97],"(post-polymerization":[98],"polishing,":[99],"(Control,":[106],"10).":[109],"The":[110,123,185,232,259],"polymerized":[113],"for":[114,128,146,160,217],"20":[115],"seconds":[116,162],"with":[117],"a":[118,135,156,172,195],"light-emitting":[119],"diode":[120],"curing":[121],"unit.":[122],"then":[126],"measured":[127,192],"OIL":[129,234,292,322],"at":[131,166,199],"50\u00d7":[132],"magnification":[133],"using":[134,149,194,205],"three-dimensional":[136],"optical":[137],"profilometer.":[138],"Furthermore,":[139],"each":[140,189],"group":[141,242,261],"was":[144,191,215,227,237],"evaluated":[145],"surface":[147,165,295,325],"microhardness":[148,268,296,326],"an":[150],"electronic":[151],"Vickers":[152],"hardness":[153],"tester":[154],"applying":[155],"100":[157],"gf":[158],"load":[159],"10":[161],"different":[167],"equidistant":[168],"points":[169],"maintaining":[171],"minimum":[173],"distance":[174],"adjacent":[178],"margins":[181],"sample.":[184],"diagonal":[186],"length":[187],"notch":[190],"directly":[193],"graduated":[196],"ocular":[197],"lens":[198],"40\u00d7":[200],"magnification.":[201],"Data":[202],"analyzed":[204],"one-way":[206],"analysis":[207],"variance,":[209],"Tukey's":[211],"post":[212],"hoc":[213],"test":[214],"applied":[216],"multiple":[218],"pairwise":[219],"comparisons.":[220],"p-value":[222],"less":[224],"than":[225],"0.05":[226],"considered":[228],"statistically":[229,289],"significant.":[230,290],"Results":[231],"highest":[233,266],"film":[235],"seen":[238],"in":[239,286,318],"Control":[241,281],"(283.35":[243],"\u03bcm),":[244,250,254],"followed":[245,270,332],"by":[246,271,300,333],"(79.02":[249],"(41.60":[253],"(23.09":[257],"\u03bcm).":[258],"(86.48":[262],"VHN)":[263],"demonstrated":[264],"mean":[267],"values,":[269],"(78.36":[274],"VHN),":[275,279],"(62.88":[278],"(51.64":[282],"VHN).":[283],"These":[284],"differences":[285],"values":[287],"Conclusions":[291],"significantly":[298],"affected":[299],"application":[302,314],"DeOx,":[304],"polishing.":[309,338],"In":[310],"this":[311],"study,":[312],"resulted":[317],"reduced":[319],"increased":[324],"composite,":[331]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-20T00:00:00"}