{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203728228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.16141","title":"Continual-learning rules shape representational drift","display_name":"Continual-learning rules shape representational drift","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203728228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.16141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.16141","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.16141","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.16141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.16141","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147392300","display_name":"Yikai Si","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si, Yikai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125772991","display_name":"Shanshan Qin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin, Shanshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Natural Sciences , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China","School of Physics and Astronomy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Natural Sciences , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Astronomy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continual-learning","display_name":"continual learning","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representational-drift","display_name":"representational drift","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability-plasticity-trade-off","display_name":"stability-plasticity trade-off","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experience-replay","display_name":"experience replay","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-preservation","display_name":"memory preservation","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-population-codes","display_name":"neural population codes","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-networks","display_name":"recurrent neural networks","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.8960000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6202999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6115999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40506919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452469","display_name":"Sequence learning","level":2,"score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986342778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Cognitive systems","level":3,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777379011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938545","display_name":"Implicit learning","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60777511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045002","display_name":"Concept drift","level":3,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.16141","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.16141","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.16141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.16141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.16141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.16141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.16141","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.16141","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.16141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203728228.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203728228.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041656098","https://openalex.org/W2047057213","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2473930607","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2735586308","https://openalex.org/W2747228919","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2908124316","https://openalex.org/W2969678152","https://openalex.org/W2976066134","https://openalex.org/W2997421847","https://openalex.org/W3048941751","https://openalex.org/W3167740220","https://openalex.org/W3193877526","https://openalex.org/W3195929527","https://openalex.org/W4211045176","https://openalex.org/W4225418417","https://openalex.org/W4290098532","https://openalex.org/W4310089948","https://openalex.org/W4315707308","https://openalex.org/W4380489569","https://openalex.org/W4387514146","https://openalex.org/W4401793915","https://openalex.org/W4407177462","https://openalex.org/W4411069504","https://openalex.org/W7126100952","https://openalex.org/W7160691596","https://openalex.org/W7164804084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7117632236","https://openalex.org/W4290098532","https://openalex.org/W6913129042","https://openalex.org/W4416008542","https://openalex.org/W4205212652","https://openalex.org/W4413911648","https://openalex.org/W2976066134","https://openalex.org/W4414705318","https://openalex.org/W3198857243","https://openalex.org/W7214931084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lifelong":[0],"learning":[1,38,186],"requires":[2],"acquiring":[3],"new":[4],"knowledge":[5],"without":[6],"erasing":[7],"the":[8,91,152,160,181],"old.":[9],"Yet":[10],"neural":[11],"population":[12],"codes":[13,32],"for":[14],"familiar":[15],"stimuli":[16],"and":[17,22,29,64,102,114,139,166,189],"behaviors":[18],"change":[19],"over":[20],"days":[21],"weeks.":[23],"This":[24],"coexistence":[25],"of":[26,52,69,93,142,180],"stable":[27],"memory":[28],"changing":[30],"internal":[31],"may":[33,174],"depend":[34],"on":[35,59,67],"how":[36],"a":[37],"system":[39],"prevents":[40],"forgetting.":[41],"We":[42,55],"therefore":[43,175],"tested":[44],"whether":[45],"different":[46],"continual-learning":[47],"mechanisms":[48],"produce":[49],"distinct":[50],"patterns":[51],"representational":[53,149],"drift.":[54],"trained":[56],"convolutional":[57],"networks":[58,66],"sequential":[60],"image":[61],"classification":[62],"tasks":[63,82],"recurrent":[65,103],"sequences":[68],"cognitive":[70],"tasks,":[71],"tracking":[72],"fixed":[73],"probe":[74],"representations":[75,87],"across":[76],"learning.":[77,172],"Experience":[78],"replay":[79,135],"preserved":[80],"earlier":[81],"in":[83,187],"both":[84],"architectures":[85],"while":[86],"drifted":[88],"progressively":[89],"with":[90],"number":[92],"intervening":[94],"tasks.":[95,144],"Drift":[96,173],"was":[97],"structured:":[98],"later":[99],"visual-processing":[100],"stages":[101],"units'":[104],"temporal":[105,116],"tuning":[106],"were":[107],"especially":[108],"labile,":[109],"whereas":[110],"coarse":[111],"class":[112],"organization":[113],"task-relevant":[115],"structure":[117],"persisted.":[118],"In":[119],"contrast,":[120],"algorithm":[121],"that":[122,162,183],"strongly":[123],"anchored":[124],"weights":[125],"nearly":[126],"froze":[127],"representations.":[128],"Directly":[129],"anchoring":[130],"an":[131,177],"old":[132,164],"representation":[133],"during":[134],"likewise":[136],"suppressed":[137],"drift":[138,150],"impaired":[140],"acquisition":[141],"subsequent":[143],"Together,":[145],"these":[146],"results":[147],"link":[148],"to":[151],"stability--plasticity":[153],"trade-off:":[154],"its":[155],"magnitude":[156],"is":[157],"shaped":[158],"by":[159],"mechanism":[161],"protects":[163],"knowledge,":[165],"suppressing":[167],"it":[168],"can":[169],"restrict":[170],"future":[171],"provide":[176],"observable":[178],"signature":[179],"constraints":[182],"enable":[184],"continual":[185],"brains":[188],"machines.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-08-19T00:00:00"}