{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203718193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","title":"HIV Knowledge, Stigma, and Care Preparedness among Barangay Health Workers in Leyte: Implications for Community-based Interventions","display_name":"HIV Knowledge, Stigma, and Care Preparedness among Barangay Health Workers in Leyte: Implications for Community-based Interventions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203718193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923531","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13689049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","pdf_url":"https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/download/13566/7223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306500404","display_name":"Acta Medica Philippina","issn_l":"0001-6071","issn":["0001-6071","2094-9278"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319568","host_organization_name":"University of the Philippines Manila","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319568","https://openalex.org/P4310319558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of the Philippines Manila","University of the Philippines"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Medica Philippina","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/download/13566/7223","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082344039","display_name":"Janet Alexis A. De los Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-0801","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-0801"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5791819","display_name":"University of the Philippines Manila","ror":"https://ror.org/01rrczv41","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I5791819"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Janet Alexis A. De los Santos, PhD, MAN, RN","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Philippines Manila-School of Health Sciences, Palo, Leyte, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-0801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Philippines Manila-School of Health Sciences, Palo, Leyte, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5791819"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008565640","display_name":"Charlie C. Falguera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-0122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-0122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5791819","display_name":"University of the Philippines Manila","ror":"https://ror.org/01rrczv41","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I5791819"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlie C. Falguera, RN, RM, MAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Philippines Manila-School of Health Sciences, Palo, Leyte, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-0122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Philippines Manila-School of Health Sciences, Palo, Leyte, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5791819"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029610625","display_name":"Carmen N. Firmo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5791819","display_name":"University of the Philippines Manila","ror":"https://ror.org/01rrczv41","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I5791819"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen N. Firmo, RN, MAN, PhD","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Philippines Manila-School of Health Sciences, Palo, Leyte, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Philippines Manila-School of Health Sciences, Palo, Leyte, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5791819"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147391525","display_name":"MS Flore-Anne C. Relente","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570514","display_name":"Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02jdrs602","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4396570514"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flore-Anne C. Relente, MS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology, Agusan del Sur, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology, Agusan del Sur, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4396570514"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029974319","display_name":"Paulo G. Batidor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9783-5917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9783-5917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146748744","display_name":"Visayas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rt3cy21","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146748744"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo G. Batidor, MS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Visayas State University, Leyte, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9783-5917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Visayas State University, Leyte, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146748744"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082344039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5791819"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58313279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"15","first_page":"47","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14334","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-aids-knowledge","display_name":"HIV/AIDS knowledge","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-stigma","display_name":"HIV stigma","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barangay-health-workers","display_name":"barangay health workers","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminatory-behavior","display_name":"discriminatory behavior","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-intervention","display_name":"community-based intervention","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacity-building","display_name":"capacity building","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leyte","display_name":"Leyte","score":0.949999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4583103","display_name":"Preparedness","level":2,"score":0.7365000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6292999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.5953999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5034000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4171000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68595000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2274177","display_name":"Service delivery framework","level":3,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781437451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137326","display_name":"Social stigma","level":3,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986740045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health services","level":3,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780016893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1312371","display_name":"Health department","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","pdf_url":"https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/download/13566/7223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306500404","display_name":"Acta Medica Philippina","issn_l":"0001-6071","issn":["0001-6071","2094-9278"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319568","host_organization_name":"University of the Philippines Manila","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319568","https://openalex.org/P4310319558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of the Philippines Manila","University of the Philippines"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Medica Philippina","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13689049","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13689049/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13689049/pdf/AMP-60-15-13566.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Med Philipp","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42923531","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta medica Philippina","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v60i15.13566","pdf_url":"https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/download/13566/7223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306500404","display_name":"Acta Medica Philippina","issn_l":"0001-6071","issn":["0001-6071","2094-9278"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319568","host_organization_name":"University of the Philippines Manila","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319568","https://openalex.org/P4310319558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of the Philippines Manila","University of the Philippines"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Medica Philippina","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335609","display_name":"Philippine Council for Health Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04rpdbq72"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203718193.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203718193.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2284093264","https://openalex.org/W2914346528","https://openalex.org/W3118485843","https://openalex.org/W3131238544","https://openalex.org/W3162512749","https://openalex.org/W4205777868","https://openalex.org/W4223948671","https://openalex.org/W4309412388","https://openalex.org/W4323250686","https://openalex.org/W4361302009","https://openalex.org/W4385948357","https://openalex.org/W4386762387","https://openalex.org/W4399856695","https://openalex.org/W4402921771","https://openalex.org/W4403137647","https://openalex.org/W4406920521","https://openalex.org/W4408845639","https://openalex.org/W4416614197","https://openalex.org/W7117984364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323250686","https://openalex.org/W4386437931","https://openalex.org/W4410027923","https://openalex.org/W2906304547","https://openalex.org/W2760533575","https://openalex.org/W4414881869","https://openalex.org/W7135226381","https://openalex.org/W4410169854","https://openalex.org/W4411975816","https://openalex.org/W4415382138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Despite":[1],"advancements":[2],"in":[3,13,32,63,72,117,185,195,209,237,260],"antiretroviral":[4],"therapy,":[5],"HIV":[6,70,131,205,217,241],"remains":[7],"a":[8,19,29,65,68,79],"critical":[9,207],"public":[10],"health":[11,34,258],"concern":[12],"the":[14,37,53,223],"Philippines,":[15],"with":[16,67,170],"stigma":[17,60],"posing":[18],"major":[20],"barrier":[21],"to":[22,102,127,164,234],"care.":[23,242],"Barangay":[24],"Health":[25,39],"Workers":[26],"(BHWs)":[27],"play":[28],"frontline":[30],"role":[31],"delivering":[33],"services":[35],"under":[36],"Universal":[38],"Care":[40],"Law,":[41],"yet":[42],"their":[43],"preparedness":[44,214],"for":[45,166,225],"HIV-related":[46,59,198],"care":[47,165],"is":[48],"unclear.":[49],"This":[50],"study":[51,77],"assessed":[52],"knowledge,":[54,206],"attitudes,":[55],"perceived":[56],"behaviors,":[57],"and":[58,109,133,142,213,231,250,254],"among":[61],"BHWs":[62,88,124,191,202,236],"Leyte,":[64],"province":[66],"high":[69,128],"incidence":[71],"Eastern":[73],"Visayas.":[74],"Methods:":[75],"The":[76,105,220],"utilized":[78],"descriptive":[80,115],"cross-sectional":[81],"survey":[82],"design.":[83],"A":[84],"total":[85],"of":[86,130,137,145,154,175,188],"579":[87],"from":[89],"17":[90],"municipalities":[91],"were":[92,100,107,112,180],"selected":[93],"using":[94,114],"proportionate":[95],"cluster":[96],"sampling.":[97],"Self-report":[98],"questionnaires":[99],"used":[101],"collect":[103],"data.":[104],"instruments":[106],"translated":[108],"pilot-tested.":[110],"Data":[111],"analyzed":[113],"statistics":[116],"RStudio.":[118],"Results:":[119],"Findings":[120],"revealed":[121],"that":[122],"most":[123],"had":[125],"moderate":[126],"knowledge":[129],"transmission":[132],"self-protection.":[134],"However,":[135],"awareness":[136],"ART":[138,210],"(mean":[139,147],"score:":[140,148],"44.43%)":[141],"human":[143],"rights":[144],"PLHIV":[146],"54.46%)":[149],"was":[150],"low.":[151],"While":[152],"58.03%":[153],"respondents":[155],"reported":[156],"positive":[157],"attitudes":[158],"toward":[159],"PLHIV,":[160],"65.46%":[161],"felt":[162],"unprepared":[163],"them.":[167],"Stigma":[168],"persisted,":[169],"65.11%":[171],"showing":[172],"varying":[173],"degrees":[174],"negative":[176],"perceptions.":[177],"Discriminatory":[178],"behaviors":[179],"low":[181],"overall":[182],"but":[183],"present":[184],"nearly":[186],"one-fifth":[187],"participants.":[189],"Most":[190],"(95.85%)":[192],"expressed":[193],"interest":[194],"attending":[196],"future":[197],"workshops.":[199],"Conclusion:":[200],"Although":[201],"possess":[203],"foundational":[204],"gaps":[208,249],"awareness,":[211],"stigma,":[212],"hinder":[215],"effective":[216],"service":[218,248],"delivery.":[219],"findings":[221],"underscore":[222],"need":[224],"targeted":[226],"capacity-building":[227],"programs,":[228],"stigma-reduction":[229],"training,":[230],"multisectoral":[232],"collaboration":[233],"empower":[235],"providing":[238],"inclusive,":[239],"evidence-based":[240],"Strengthening":[243],"community-based":[244],"interventions":[245],"can":[246],"bridge":[247],"promote":[251],"early":[252],"detection":[253],"treatment,":[255],"ultimately":[256],"improving":[257],"outcomes":[259],"grassroots":[261],"settings.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-19T00:00:00"}