{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203710322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.70159","title":"Free\u2010Standing Lignin\u2010Derived Hard Carbon Anodes for Sustainable Potassium\u2010Ion Batteries","display_name":"Free\u2010Standing Lignin\u2010Derived Hard Carbon Anodes for Sustainable Potassium\u2010Ion Batteries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203710322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.70159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/bte2.70159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.70159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.70159","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bte2.70159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239249","display_name":"Battery energy","issn_l":"2768-1688","issn":["2768-1688","2768-1696"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Battery Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bte2.70159","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037285300","display_name":"Mandeep Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-6005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-6005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mandeep Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Materials Science Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-6005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Materials Science Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147443861","display_name":"Sami Myllym\u00e4ki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-0121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-0121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Myllym\u00e4ki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectronics Research Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering University of Oulu Oulu Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-0121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectronics Research Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering University of Oulu Oulu Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075559401","display_name":"Niina Halonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-1509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-1509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niina Halonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectronics Research Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering University of Oulu Oulu Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-1509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectronics Research Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering University of Oulu Oulu Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017940696","display_name":"Alexander Bismarck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-1587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-1587"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["AT","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Bismarck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria","Wallenberg Initiative for Sustainable Materials (WISE) Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-1587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wallenberg Initiative for Sustainable Materials (WISE) Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050871165","display_name":"Xavier Crispin A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-6296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-6296"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124641","display_name":"Wallenberg Wood Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/039qvmf95","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673","https://openalex.org/I4210124641","https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reverant Crispin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden","Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC): ITN Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-6296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC): ITN Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673","https://openalex.org/I4210124641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082278151","display_name":"Ziyauddin Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-7547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-7547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124641","display_name":"Wallenberg Wood Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/039qvmf95","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673","https://openalex.org/I4210124641","https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziyauddin Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden","Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC): ITN Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-7547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC): ITN Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673","https://openalex.org/I4210124641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034592057","display_name":"Kristiina Oksman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-2854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-2854","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-931X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124641","display_name":"Wallenberg Wood Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/039qvmf95","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673","https://openalex.org/I4210124641","https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["CA","SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristiina Oksman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Materials Science Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden","Mechanical & Industrial Engineering (MIE) University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada","Wallenberg Initiative for Sustainable Materials (WISE) Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden","Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC): ITN Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-2854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Materials Science Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical & Industrial Engineering (MIE) University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wallenberg Initiative for Sustainable Materials (WISE) Lule\u00e5 University of Technology Lule\u00e5 Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC): ITN Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673","https://openalex.org/I4210124641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034592057","https://openalex.org/A5037285300","https://openalex.org/A5082278151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I190632392","https://openalex.org/I4210124641"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50546425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10179","display_name":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-ion-batteries","display_name":"potassium-ion batteries","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-carbon-anode","display_name":"hard carbon anode","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignin-derived-carbon","display_name":"lignin-derived carbon","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binder-free-anode","display_name":"binder-free anode","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrospinning","display_name":"electrospinning","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonization-temperature","display_name":"carbonization temperature","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-electrolyte-interphase","display_name":"solid electrolyte interphase","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reversible-capacity","display_name":"reversible capacity","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sp2-carbon","display_name":"sp2 carbon","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-containing-functional-groups","display_name":"oxygen-containing functional groups","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-derived-electrode-materials","display_name":"biomass-derived electrode materials","score":0.6309999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130349721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5434705","display_name":"Faraday efficiency","level":4,"score":0.8039000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154877778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630655","display_name":"Carbonization","level":3,"score":0.7448999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.730400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6491000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140676511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964018","display_name":"Nanocrystalline material","level":2,"score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175708663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899559","display_name":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5541999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91129048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594196","display_name":"Nanofiber","level":2,"score":0.554099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144796933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1533542","display_name":"Electrospinning","level":3,"score":0.4681999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177367955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4468924","display_name":"Carbon nanofiber","level":3,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145421","display_name":"Polyacrylonitrile","level":3,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6775980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4363445","display_name":"Pyrolytic carbon","level":3,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150581940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622205","display_name":"Specific surface area","level":3,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/bte2.70159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.70159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.70159","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bte2.70159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239249","display_name":"Battery energy","issn_l":"2768-1688","issn":["2768-1688","2768-1696"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Battery Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.22541/authorea.15007581/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/authorea.15007581/v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/authorea.15007581/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/bte2.70159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.70159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.70159","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bte2.70159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239249","display_name":"Battery energy","issn_l":"2768-1688","issn":["2768-1688","2768-1696"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Battery Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46149998903274536}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1005022168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2009- 00971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1190497020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Bio4Energy","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322711","funder_display_name":"Energimyndigheten"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1193686069","display_name":"Experimental and theoretical evaluation of carbon nanomaterials with hierarchical pore structure and large surface area for use as sustainable electrodes","funder_award_id":"2022-03946","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G193668846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2009- 00971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322225","funder_display_name":"Link\u00f6pings Universitet"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2156986825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2009  00971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2416599479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2009-00971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","funder_display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3265052434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Bio4Energy","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","funder_display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3581810718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20357899","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","funder_display_name":"Interreg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4466992459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322225","funder_display_name":"Link\u00f6pings Universitet"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4631547115","display_name":"Dalarna Science Park Incubator 2025-2029","funder_award_id":"2024-00947","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7642757997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024-00947","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322711","funder_display_name":"Energimyndigheten"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321501","display_name":"Carl Tryggers Stiftelse f\u00f6r Vetenskaplig Forskning","ror":"https://ror.org/048p4fn82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322015","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322225","display_name":"Link\u00f6pings Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322711","display_name":"Energimyndigheten","ror":"https://ror.org/0359z7n90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326805","display_name":"Wallenberg Wood Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/039qvmf95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","display_name":"Interreg","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203710322.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203710322.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979814738","https://openalex.org/W2066931959","https://openalex.org/W2551120679","https://openalex.org/W2810349226","https://openalex.org/W2886201865","https://openalex.org/W2983370656","https://openalex.org/W2998849754","https://openalex.org/W3082718649","https://openalex.org/W3100550204","https://openalex.org/W3191171517","https://openalex.org/W3198309009","https://openalex.org/W3203058889","https://openalex.org/W3217423734","https://openalex.org/W4220823725","https://openalex.org/W4223978297","https://openalex.org/W4280501092","https://openalex.org/W4282933326","https://openalex.org/W4298395191","https://openalex.org/W4304175550","https://openalex.org/W4306398888","https://openalex.org/W4312043062","https://openalex.org/W4361218600","https://openalex.org/W4377940767","https://openalex.org/W4386046117","https://openalex.org/W4387645197","https://openalex.org/W4388564171","https://openalex.org/W4392659430","https://openalex.org/W4392859806","https://openalex.org/W4406085390","https://openalex.org/W4406560950","https://openalex.org/W4407763198","https://openalex.org/W4411426536","https://openalex.org/W4411868061","https://openalex.org/W4412075403","https://openalex.org/W4414184784","https://openalex.org/W7116764507","https://openalex.org/W7116853396","https://openalex.org/W7117123377","https://openalex.org/W7127600522","https://openalex.org/W7130129138","https://openalex.org/W7135063397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6886033555","https://openalex.org/W3191171517","https://openalex.org/W7116853396","https://openalex.org/W3020768326","https://openalex.org/W4205662059","https://openalex.org/W4405835014","https://openalex.org/W3011719143","https://openalex.org/W3202325637","https://openalex.org/W4394891334","https://openalex.org/W4391400158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Potassium\u2010ion":[1],"batteries":[2],"(KIBs)":[3],"require":[4],"anode":[5],"materials":[6],"that":[7],"combine":[8],"high":[9],"reversible":[10,149,196],"capacity":[11,136,150],"with":[12,17,94,156,167,181],"minimal":[13],"first\u2010cycle":[14],"losses":[15],"associated":[16,166],"solid":[18],"electrolyte":[19],"interphase":[20],"(SEI)":[21],"formation.":[22],"Biomass\u2010derived":[23],"hard":[24],"carbons":[25],"(HCs)":[26],"are":[27],"promising":[28],"candidates,":[29],"although":[30],"their":[31,68],"K\u2010storage":[32,70,211],"behavior":[33,71],"is":[34,165],"strongly":[35],"influenced":[36],"by":[37,57,60],"carbon":[38],"structure,":[39],"surface":[40,96],"chemistry,":[41],"and":[42,80,88,92,111,121,173,179,185,194,207,210],"pore":[43],"architecture.":[44],"Here,":[45],"industrial":[46],"LignoBoost":[47],"lignin":[48],"was":[49,83],"converted":[50],"into":[51],"binder\u2010free,":[52],"free\u2010standing":[53,215],"HC":[54,115,216],"nanofiber":[55,217],"mats":[56,116,218],"electrospinning":[58],"followed":[59],"carbonization":[61,130],"at":[62],"800\u00b0C\u20131400\u00b0C":[63],"(HC8\u2010HC14),":[64],"enabling":[65],"evaluation":[66],"of":[67,125,151,161,175],"intrinsic":[69],"without":[72],"inactive":[73],"binder":[74],"or":[75],"conductive":[76],"additives.":[77],"Temperature\u2010dependent":[78],"structural":[79,206],"chemical":[81],"evolution":[82,209],"characterized":[84],"using":[85],"Raman":[86],"spectroscopy":[87,91],"X\u2010ray":[89],"photoelectron":[90],"correlated":[93],"specific":[95],"area":[97],"(331\u20131328":[98],"m":[99],"2":[100,170],"g":[101,154],"\u22121":[102,109,155],"),":[103],"electrical":[104],"conductivity":[105],"(2.4\u201314":[106],"S":[107],"cm":[108],")":[110],"electrochemical":[112],"performance.":[113],"All":[114],"exhibited":[117,142],"the":[118,129,134,143],"characteristic":[119],"sloping":[120,135],"low\u2010voltage":[122],"plateau":[123,139],"regions":[124],"K":[126,197],"storage.":[127,198],"Increasing":[128],"temperature":[131],"progressively":[132],"decreased":[133],"while":[137],"enhancing":[138],"contribution.":[140],"HC14":[141],"best":[144],"overall":[145],"performance,":[146],"delivering":[147],"a":[148],"369":[152],"mAh":[153],"an":[157],"initial":[158],"coulombic":[159],"efficiency":[160],"69%.":[162],"This":[163],"improvement":[164],"increased":[168],"sp":[169],"\u2010rich":[171],"conjugation":[172],"development":[174],"nanocrystalline":[176],"aromatic":[177],"domains":[178],"together":[180],"reduced":[182],"oxygen\u2010containing":[183],"functionalities":[184],"residual":[186],"Na/S":[187],"species,":[188],"which":[189],"mitigate":[190],"irreversible":[191],"interfacial":[192],"reactions":[193],"promote":[195],"These":[199],"findings":[200],"establish":[201],"direct":[202],"relationships":[203],"between":[204],"carbonization\u2010induced":[205],"surface\u2010chemical":[208],"behavior,":[212],"demonstrating":[213],"lignin\u2010derived,":[214],"as":[219],"sustainable,":[220],"binder\u2010free":[221],"anodes":[222],"for":[223],"KIBs.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-08-19T00:00:00"}