{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203710186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1541","title":"Effect of Hyperglycemic Artificial Saliva on Corrosion of and Metal Ion Resease from Archwires","display_name":"Effect of Hyperglycemic Artificial Saliva on Corrosion of and Metal Ion Resease from Archwires","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203710186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5195/d3000.2026.1541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1541","pdf_url":"https://dentistry3000.pitt.edu/ojs/dentistry3000/article/download/1541/557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238600","display_name":"Dentistry 3000","issn_l":"2167-8677","issn":["2167-8677"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320335","host_organization_name":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320335","https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dentistry 3000","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dentistry3000.pitt.edu/ojs/dentistry3000/article/download/1541/557","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016667203","display_name":"Shaymaa Shaker Taha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaymaa Shaker Taha","raw_affiliation_strings":["BDS, M.Sc. in Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad-Bab Al-Moadhum;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BDS, M.Sc. in Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad-Bab Al-Moadhum;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018097396","display_name":"Samher Ali Al-Shaham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-9504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-9504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samher Ali Al-Shaham","raw_affiliation_strings":["BDS, M.Sc. in Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad-Bab Al-Moadhum;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BDS, M.Sc. in Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad-Bab Al-Moadhum;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066775625","display_name":"Alan Issa Saleem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-4427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-4427"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Issa Saleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["BDS, M.Sc. in Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad-Bab Al-Moadhum;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BDS, M.Sc. in Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad-Bab Al-Moadhum;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093943667","display_name":"Fudhla S. Al-Zubaydi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-1008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-1008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fudhla S. Al Zubaydi","raw_affiliation_strings":["BDS, M.Sc. in Orthodontics, Presidency of the University of Baghdad Al-Jadriya, Postal Code 10071, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BDS, M.Sc. in Orthodontics, Presidency of the University of Baghdad Al-Jadriya, Postal Code 10071, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54718239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.6820999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.6820999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11442","display_name":"Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties","score":0.24220000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":0.03220000118017197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperglycemia","display_name":"hyperglycemia","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-saliva","display_name":"artificial saliva","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontic-archwires","display_name":"orthodontic archwires","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion","display_name":"corrosion","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-ion-release","display_name":"metal ion release","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nickel-titanium-alloys","display_name":"NiTi","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-titanium","display_name":"beta-titanium","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stainless-steel","display_name":"stainless steel","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose","display_name":"glucose","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-stability","display_name":"color stability","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"surface roughness","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tio2-coating","display_name":"TiO2 coating","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-release","display_name":"chromium release","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-release","display_name":"iron release","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium-release","display_name":"titanium release","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-degradation","display_name":"surface degradation","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontic-appliances","display_name":"orthodontic appliances","score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504460877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155925","display_name":"Saliva","level":2,"score":0.8155999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.680899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.6065999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5691999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199164860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822745","display_name":"Metal ions in aqueous solution","level":3,"score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95974651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2454436","display_name":"Inductively coupled plasma","level":3,"score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196009443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261552","display_name":"Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511782168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725","display_name":"Chromium","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64885871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2533665","display_name":"Elemental analysis","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5195/d3000.2026.1541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1541","pdf_url":"https://dentistry3000.pitt.edu/ojs/dentistry3000/article/download/1541/557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238600","display_name":"Dentistry 3000","issn_l":"2167-8677","issn":["2167-8677"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320335","host_organization_name":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320335","https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dentistry 3000","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.dentistry3000.pitt.edu:article/1541","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dentistry3000.pitt.edu/ojs/dentistry3000/article/view/1541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238600","display_name":"Dentistry 3000","issn_l":"2167-8677","issn":["2167-8677"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320335","host_organization_name":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320335","https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2167-8677","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e78b9d4a7ae48dc82e76aa90378f636","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e78b9d4a7ae48dc82e76aa90378f636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dentistry 3000, Vol 14, Iss 2 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5195/d3000.2026.1541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2026.1541","pdf_url":"https://dentistry3000.pitt.edu/ojs/dentistry3000/article/download/1541/557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238600","display_name":"Dentistry 3000","issn_l":"2167-8677","issn":["2167-8677"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320335","host_organization_name":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320335","https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dentistry 3000","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203710186.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203710186.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024496459","https://openalex.org/W2030951050","https://openalex.org/W4200069026","https://openalex.org/W4308309309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7219399405","https://openalex.org/W2612222746","https://openalex.org/W4385944445","https://openalex.org/W2557279372","https://openalex.org/W4248547719","https://openalex.org/W4221052435","https://openalex.org/W2133604478","https://openalex.org/W2768426349","https://openalex.org/W2752174974","https://openalex.org/W2782188167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,178,193,230],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,13,29,54,180,195,219,260,262,291,299,316,325,358,385],"the":[3,11,14,172,186,208,222,249,253,276,282,297,300,313,383],"present":[4],"in":[5,17,166,207,221,241,245,328,356],"vitro":[6],"study":[7],"was":[8,95,139,202],"to":[9,238,337,369,381],"assess":[10],"effect":[12],"artificial":[15,66,69,159,307],"saliva":[16,67,70,160,226,308],"hyperglycemic":[18,246],"condition":[19],"on":[20,281,312,348],"corrosion":[21,255,340],"behavior,":[22],"surface":[23,109,164,181,294,298,320],"deterioration,":[24],"color":[25,116,271],"change":[26],"and":[27,49,78,88,122,129,189,211,232,285,293,296,322,344,374],"release":[28,125,234,261],"metal":[30,123],"ions":[31,318],"from":[32,199],"various":[33],"orthodontic":[34,39,168,326,379],"archwires.":[35],"Three":[36],"commercially":[37],"available":[38],"archwire":[40],"types":[41],"were":[42,58,83,235,335],"compared:":[43],"stainless":[44,242,283],"steel":[45,243,284],"(SS),":[46],"nickel\u2013titanium":[47,343],"(NiTi)":[48],"beta-titanium":[50],"(TMA).":[51],"A":[52],"total":[53],"180":[55],"wire":[56],"specimens":[57],"randomly":[59],"allocated":[60],"into":[61],"four":[62],"immersion":[63,190],"media:":[64],"conventional":[65],"(control),":[68],"containing":[71],"10":[72],"mmol/L":[73,76,80,224],"glucose,":[74,77],"20":[75],"30":[79,223],"glucose.":[81],"Specimens":[82],"immersed":[84],"for":[85,275],"7,":[86],"14,":[87],"28":[89,217],"days":[90,218],"at":[91,154],"37\u00b0C.":[92],"Surface":[93],"morphology":[94],"evaluated":[96],"using":[97,111,118,131,141],"scanning":[98],"electron":[99],"microscopy":[100,114],"(SEM),":[101],"elemental":[102],"composition":[103],"by":[104,145],"energy-dispersive":[105],"X-ray":[106],"spectroscopy":[107],"(EDX),":[108],"roughness":[110,182],"atomic":[112],"force":[113],"(AFM),":[115],"stability":[117,324],"a":[119,289,329],"spectrophotometer":[120],"(\u0394E),":[121,273],"ion":[124,197],"(Ni,":[126],"Cr,":[127],"Fe,":[128],"Ti)":[130],"inductively":[132],"coupled":[133],"plasma\u2013mass":[134],"spectrometry":[135],"(ICP-MS).":[136],"Statistical":[137],"analysis":[138],"performed":[140],"one-way":[142],"ANOVA":[143],"followed":[144],"Tukey's":[146],"post":[147],"hoc":[148],"test,":[149],"with":[150,171,257,266],"statistical":[151],"significance":[152],"established":[153],"p":[155],"<":[156,176,228],"0.05.":[157],"Hyperglycemic":[158,306],"significantly":[161,269,310],"increased":[162,184],"corrosion-related":[163,386],"defects":[165],"all":[167],"archwires":[169,327,334],"compared":[170],"control":[173,209],"group":[174,210],"(p":[175,227],"0.001).":[177,229],"degree":[179],"gradually":[183],"as":[185],"glucose":[187,225],"concentration":[188,330],"time":[191],"increased.":[192],"amount":[194,259],"Ni":[196],"released":[198],"NiTi":[200,286],"wires":[201,244,251],"0.82":[203],"\u00b1":[204,213],"0.14":[205],"\u00b5g/L":[206,215],"3.96":[212],"0.42":[214],"after":[216],"submersion":[220],"chromium":[231],"iron":[233],"also":[236],"seen":[237],"be":[239,338,353],"significant":[240],"condition,":[247],"while":[248],"beta-Ti":[250],"showed":[252],"maximum":[254],"resistance":[256],"minimal":[258],"titanium":[263],"ions.":[264],"Groups":[265],"hyperglycemia":[267],"had":[268],"higher":[270],"alteration":[272],"especially":[274],"long-term":[277],"exposure.":[278],"Performing":[279],"SEM":[280],"samples":[287,302],"revealed":[288],"lot":[290],"pits":[292],"irregularities,":[295],"TMA":[301],"remained":[303],"comparatively":[304],"smooth.":[305],"has":[309],"effects":[311],"corrosion,":[314],"number":[315],"metallic":[317],"released,":[319],"integrity":[321],"colour":[323],"dependent":[331],"manner.":[332],"Beta-titanium":[333],"found":[336],"more":[339],"resistant":[341],"than":[342],"stainless-steel":[345],"wires.":[346],"Based":[347],"these":[349],"results,":[350],"it":[351,366],"can":[352],"concluded":[354],"that":[355],"cases":[357],"diabetes":[359],"mellitus,":[360],"which":[361],"is":[362,367],"not":[363],"well":[364],"controlled,":[365],"advisable":[368],"carefully":[370],"consider":[371],"material":[372],"selection":[373],"closely":[375],"monitor":[376],"patients":[377],"during":[378],"treatment":[380],"reduce":[382],"risk":[384],"complications.":[387]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-19T00:00:00"}
