{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203695722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.15.744982","title":"Shear effects in active models of normal and cancer cells","display_name":"Shear effects in active models of normal and cancer cells","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203695722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.15.744982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.15.744982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.15.744982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.15.744982","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/18/2026.08.15.744982.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/18/2026.08.15.744982.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018712751","display_name":"Souvik Sadhukhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-6601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-6601"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Souvik Sadhukhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-6601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048609000","display_name":"Rajsekhar Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2626-7259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2626-7259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajsekhar Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2626-7259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147408576","display_name":"Lin Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071473963","display_name":"Wolfgang Losert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1792-7860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1792-7860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Losert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1792-7860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036725653","display_name":"Dave Thirumalai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-5924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-5924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. Thirumalai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-5924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036725653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10379","display_name":"Cellular Mechanics and Interactions","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10379","display_name":"Cellular Mechanics and Interactions","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11829","display_name":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10336","display_name":"Cancer Cells and Metastasis","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-deformation","display_name":"shear deformation","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-tissue","display_name":"tumor tissue","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-stiffness","display_name":"cell stiffness","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-stress","display_name":"yield stress","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herschel-bulkley-rheology","display_name":"Herschel-Bulkley rheology","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-cell-migration","display_name":"collective cell migration","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-stiffness","display_name":"tumor stiffness","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-mixture-model","display_name":"Gaussian mixture model","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-field-theory","display_name":"mean-field theory","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-rheology","display_name":"tissue rheology","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-heterogeneity","display_name":"cellular heterogeneity","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.5746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5501999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.519599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165682214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461293","display_name":"Shear rate","level":3,"score":0.4805000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21141959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657936","display_name":"Shear stress","level":2,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101082671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520832","display_name":"Simple shear","level":3,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65590680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909482","display_name":"Volume fraction","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994604686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell function","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32758168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900488","display_name":"Normal mode","level":3,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.15.744982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.15.744982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.15.744982","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/18/2026.08.15.744982.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.15010","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.15010","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.15010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.15010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.15010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.15010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.15.744982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.15.744982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.15.744982","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/18/2026.08.15.744982.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2197419562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F-0019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5198728675","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Using the Physics of Living Systems Student Research Network to Transmit Techniques and Train Talent","funder_award_id":"2310742","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G751113644","display_name":"Physical Models for Cancer Cells with Links to Alterations in Genome Organization","funder_award_id":"2310639","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203695722.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203695722.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539004828","https://openalex.org/W1966040932","https://openalex.org/W1975553175","https://openalex.org/W1975609785","https://openalex.org/W1976331105","https://openalex.org/W1976654019","https://openalex.org/W1978677669","https://openalex.org/W1992172233","https://openalex.org/W1996269383","https://openalex.org/W2001267627","https://openalex.org/W2002112745","https://openalex.org/W2006271210","https://openalex.org/W2033814509","https://openalex.org/W2045925404","https://openalex.org/W2048836357","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2057191118","https://openalex.org/W2059359223","https://openalex.org/W2076394578","https://openalex.org/W2087125392","https://openalex.org/W2088447333","https://openalex.org/W2094098398","https://openalex.org/W2099052265","https://openalex.org/W2100303404","https://openalex.org/W2106447658","https://openalex.org/W2127291912","https://openalex.org/W2137583795","https://openalex.org/W2138971677","https://openalex.org/W2144056466","https://openalex.org/W2171157655","https://openalex.org/W2268717463","https://openalex.org/W2345261357","https://openalex.org/W2485499012","https://openalex.org/W2565392111","https://openalex.org/W2591822351","https://openalex.org/W2808523604","https://openalex.org/W2972949134","https://openalex.org/W2981757532","https://openalex.org/W2995141118","https://openalex.org/W3003203216","https://openalex.org/W3016638763","https://openalex.org/W3022481879","https://openalex.org/W3083948403","https://openalex.org/W3087120798","https://openalex.org/W3110490325","https://openalex.org/W3127014745","https://openalex.org/W3129106593","https://openalex.org/W4200347776","https://openalex.org/W4286238967","https://openalex.org/W4297977585","https://openalex.org/W4306146753","https://openalex.org/W4318943127","https://openalex.org/W4382937070","https://openalex.org/W4382989337","https://openalex.org/W4387002890","https://openalex.org/W4393212190","https://openalex.org/W4400226787","https://openalex.org/W4406016369","https://openalex.org/W4406974810","https://openalex.org/W4409182059","https://openalex.org/W4410496487","https://openalex.org/W4411212439","https://openalex.org/W4413369629","https://openalex.org/W4417511063"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3200688327","https://openalex.org/W4387002890","https://openalex.org/W4297337897","https://openalex.org/W3034384209","https://openalex.org/W7162634416","https://openalex.org/W4413369629","https://openalex.org/W2552897480","https://openalex.org/W1997339905","https://openalex.org/W7018256985","https://openalex.org/W2322777408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mechanical":[0],"properties":[1],"of":[2,28,69,83,92,102,137,154,177,180,238],"biological":[3],"tissues,":[4,31],"driven":[5],"by":[6],"passive":[7],"and":[8,39,56,72,111,145,217,235,245,253,260],"active":[9,74,84],"forces,":[10],"play":[11],"a":[12,67,90,100,130,167,178,181,218,236],"vital":[13],"role":[14],"in":[15,30,115,171,190,251,258],"several":[16],"processes":[17],"ranging":[18],"from":[19,160],"development":[20],"to":[21,33,59,63,141,163],"cancer":[22,57,261],"metastasis.":[23],"However,":[24],"the":[25,40,77,86,96,107,112,116,152,199,204,225],"dynamical":[26],"responses":[27,62],"cells":[29,138,205],"subject":[32],"mechanical":[34],"deformations":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37,66,89,195,208,227,229],"shear":[38,65,93,108],"associated":[41],"rheological":[42],"properties,":[43],"are":[44],"not":[45],"well":[46,228],"characterized.":[47],"Here,":[48],"we":[49],"use":[50],"three-dimensional":[51],"agent-based":[52],"models":[53],"for":[54,224],"normal":[55,78,191,259],"tissues":[58],"investigate":[60],"their":[61],"simple":[64],"function":[68,91],"cell":[70,103,156],"stiffness":[71,252],"stochastic":[73],"forces.":[75],"In":[76],"epithelium,":[79],"with":[80,173,185],"uniform":[81],"strength":[82],"force,":[85],"yield":[87,117,200],"stress":[88,118,201],"rate":[94,109],"follows":[95],"Herschel-Bulkley":[97],"form":[98],"over":[99],"range":[101],"volume":[104],"fraction.":[105],"Strikingly,":[106],"dependence":[110],"elasticity-dependent":[113],"changes":[114],"fall":[119],"on":[120,232],"master":[121],"curves":[122],"upon":[123],"suitable":[124],"scaling.":[125],"To":[126],"model":[127,179],"cancer-like":[128],"behavior,":[129],"certain":[131],"fraction":[132],"(":[133],"N":[134,149],"p":[135,150],")":[136],"was":[139],"chosen":[140],"have":[142],"enhanced":[143],"activity":[144,254],"decreased":[146],"stiffness.":[147],"As":[148],"increases,":[151,198],"extent":[153],"collective":[155],"movement":[157],"decreases,":[158],"transitioning":[159],"affine":[161],"(collective)":[162],"non-affine":[164,256],"(individualistic)":[165],"movement,":[166],"finding":[168],"that":[169,194,249],"is":[170],"accord":[172],"imaging":[174],"experiments.":[175],"Simulations":[176],"stiff":[182],"solid":[183],"tumor,":[184],"radius":[186],"R":[187,196,209],"s":[188,197,210],"embedded":[189],"tissue,":[192],"show":[193],"increases.":[202,211],"Interestingly,":[203],"migrate":[206],"collectively":[207],"A":[212],"Gaussian":[213],"Mixture":[214],"Model":[215],"(GMM)":[216],"mean":[219],"field":[220],"theory":[221],"quantitatively":[222],"account":[223],"simulation":[226],"experimental":[230,246],"results":[231],"cancerous,":[233],"non-cancerous,":[234],"mixture":[237],"these":[239],"two":[240],"types.":[241],"The":[242],"combined":[243],"theoretical":[244],"study":[247],"establishes":[248],"heterogeneity":[250],"determines":[255],"movements":[257],"tissues.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-19T00:00:00"}
