{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203667974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18162665","title":"Post-Recurrence Outcomes Associated with a Bevacizumab-Containing First-Recurrence Strategy in Glioblastoma: A Propensity-Weighted Single-Center Cohort Study with Competing-Risk Analysis","display_name":"Post-Recurrence Outcomes Associated with a Bevacizumab-Containing First-Recurrence Strategy in Glioblastoma: A Propensity-Weighted Single-Center Cohort Study with Competing-Risk Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203667974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18162665","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42649976","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13510414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cancers18162665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18162665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18162665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168415115","display_name":"Cancers","issn_l":"2072-6694","issn":["2072-6694"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18162665","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116305254","display_name":"Enes Ye\u015filba\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-702X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-702X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254304","display_name":"Ankara Etlik City Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01nk6sj42","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303077703","https://openalex.org/I4405254304"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enes Ye\u015filba\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara 06010, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-702X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara 06010, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254304"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103022324","display_name":"Sema Sezgin G\u00f6ksu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-0444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-0444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197907453","display_name":"Akdeniz University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m59r132","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sema Sezgin G\u00f6ksu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-0444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116305254"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254304"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5759064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"16","first_page":"2665","last_page":"2665"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10550","display_name":"Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10178","display_name":"Cancer survivorship and care","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glioblastoma","display_name":"glioblastoma","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bevacizumab","display_name":"bevacizumab","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-recurrence","display_name":"first recurrence","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overall-survival","display_name":"overall survival","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-treatment","display_name":"local therapy","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio","display_name":"neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-strategy","display_name":"treatment options","score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competing-risks","display_name":"competing risks","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propensity-score-overlap-weighting","display_name":"propensity score overlap weighting","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immortal-time-bias","display_name":"immortal time bias","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroid-exposure","display_name":"corticosteroid exposure","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-interaction","display_name":"treatment interaction","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.830299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5835000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777802072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413299","display_name":"Bevacizumab","level":3,"score":0.552299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5163000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019894029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Overall survival","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148482608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007018","display_name":"Clinical study design","level":3,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304270","display_name":"Combination therapy","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40423286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284172","display_name":"Selection bias","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26831200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16963953","display_name":"Marginal structural model","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cancers18162665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18162665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18162665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168415115","display_name":"Cancers","issn_l":"2072-6694","issn":["2072-6694"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42649976","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42649976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancers","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13510414","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13510414/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancers (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cancers18162665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18162665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18162665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168415115","display_name":"Cancers","issn_l":"2072-6694","issn":["2072-6694"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059944898","https://openalex.org/W2096287682","https://openalex.org/W2105100844","https://openalex.org/W2111714917","https://openalex.org/W2113676816","https://openalex.org/W2124736921","https://openalex.org/W2126049444","https://openalex.org/W2132697290","https://openalex.org/W2156330848","https://openalex.org/W2162643152","https://openalex.org/W2165772224","https://openalex.org/W2264767503","https://openalex.org/W2275737843","https://openalex.org/W2345125502","https://openalex.org/W2509191638","https://openalex.org/W2588516807","https://openalex.org/W2735301415","https://openalex.org/W2768388636","https://openalex.org/W2913851162","https://openalex.org/W3033364972","https://openalex.org/W3110787789","https://openalex.org/W3162698168","https://openalex.org/W3174246647","https://openalex.org/W4281261946","https://openalex.org/W4310701153","https://openalex.org/W4321502467","https://openalex.org/W4321609401","https://openalex.org/W4382136914","https://openalex.org/W4383341737","https://openalex.org/W4386909875","https://openalex.org/W4387329303","https://openalex.org/W4402841055","https://openalex.org/W4413971821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966074016","https://openalex.org/W2906923849","https://openalex.org/W2405099481","https://openalex.org/W2040869021","https://openalex.org/W2913851162","https://openalex.org/W2962953856","https://openalex.org/W3108984570","https://openalex.org/W2735229934","https://openalex.org/W2556832891","https://openalex.org/W2035572027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Bevacizumab":[1],"is":[2],"widely":[3],"used":[4,92],"at":[5,46,67,84],"recurrence":[6,69,86],"in":[7,72,264],"glioblastoma,":[8],"but":[9,227],"comparisons":[10],"are":[11],"complicated":[12],"by":[13],"multimodal":[14],"treatment":[15,228],"selection":[16],"and":[17,29,54,74,103,117,128,186,250],"progression":[18,178,249],"assessment.":[19],"We":[20],"examined":[21],"outcomes":[22],"associated":[23,145,214,241],"with":[24,146,215,242],"a":[25,51,56,140,171,187],"bevacizumab-containing":[26,52,141,236],"first-recurrence":[27,237],"strategy":[28,53,81,142,238],"explored":[30],"the":[31,77,134,200],"components":[32],"of":[33,76,175,191,261],"post-recurrence":[34,148,244],"progression-free":[35],"survival":[36,150],"(prPFS).":[37],"Methods:":[38],"This":[39],"retrospective":[40],"single-center":[41],"cohort":[42],"included":[43,109,199],"166":[44],"patients":[45],"first":[47,68,85],"recurrence:":[48],"114":[49],"received":[50],"52":[55],"non-bevacizumab":[57],"strategy.":[58],"Of":[59],"these,":[60],"163":[61,124],"had":[62],"evaluable":[63],"outcomes.":[64],"Local":[65],"therapy":[66],"was":[70,82,143,213,239],"recorded":[71],"19.3%":[73],"90.4%":[75],"groups,":[78],"respectively.":[79],"Treatment":[80],"fixed":[83],"to":[87,157,166,184,207,225],"reduce":[88],"immortal-time":[89],"bias.":[90],"Analyses":[91],"pretreatment":[93],"covariates,":[94],"multiple":[95,138],"imputation,":[96,139],"propensity-score":[97],"overlap":[98],"weighting,":[99],"robust":[100],"variance":[101],"estimation,":[102],"competing-risk":[104],"methods.":[105],"Complete-case":[106],"adjusted":[107],"models":[108],"117":[110],"patients.":[111],"Recurrence-specific":[112],"performance":[113],"status,":[114],"corticosteroid":[115],"exposure,":[116],"MGMT":[118],"status":[119],"were":[120,230],"unavailable.":[121],"Results:":[122],"Among":[123],"patients,":[125],"136":[126],"deaths":[127],"145":[129],"prPFS":[130,160],"events":[131],"occurred.":[132],"In":[133],"overlap-weighted":[135],"analysis":[136,169],"after":[137],"not":[144,240],"improved":[147,243],"overall":[149],"(OS;":[151],"HR":[152],"1.40,":[153],"95%":[154,163,181,204,222],"CI":[155,164,182,198,205,223],"0.93":[156,206],"2.10)":[158],"or":[159,246],"(HR":[161,179,202,218],"0.81,":[162],"0.55":[165],"1.18).":[167],"Competing-risk":[168],"showed":[170],"lower":[172],"cause-specific":[173,189],"hazard":[174,190],"documented":[176,194],"second":[177],"0.29,":[180],"0.16":[183],"0.53)":[185],"higher":[188],"death":[192,251],"before":[193],"progression,":[195],"although":[196],"its":[197],"null":[201],"1.65,":[203],"2.93).":[208],"Higher":[209],"baseline":[210],"neutrophil-to-lymphocyte":[211],"ratio":[212],"poorer":[216],"OS":[217,245],"per":[219],"doubling":[220],"1.49,":[221],"1.20":[224],"1.85),":[226],"interactions":[229],"inconsistent":[231],"across":[232],"parameterizations.":[233],"Conclusions:":[234],"A":[235],"prPFS.":[247],"Divergent":[248],"patterns":[252],"caution":[253],"against":[254],"interpreting":[255],"progression-based":[256],"endpoints":[257],"as":[258],"direct":[259],"evidence":[260],"disease":[262],"control":[263],"this":[265],"observational":[266],"setting.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-08-19T00:00:00"}