{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203666812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","title":"Crossing Obstacles During Walking Through Self-Adaptive Volitional Control of a Powered Knee Prosthesis","display_name":"Crossing Obstacles During Walking Through Self-Adaptive Volitional Control of a Powered Knee Prosthesis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203666812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42611649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98183460","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","issn_l":"1534-4320","issn":["1534-4320","1558-0210"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024329487","display_name":"Xu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-3103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-3103"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-3103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092068739","display_name":"Yao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-8050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-8050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-8050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064955660","display_name":"Kunyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-3697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-3697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-3697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021026939","display_name":"Lei Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3222-2102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3222-2102","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2490-1877","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5297-6728","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7843-0276","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-566X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8256-0834","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-8482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3222-2102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054171636","display_name":"Guowu Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2613-902X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2613-902X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guowu Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Environment University of Salford"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2613-902X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Environment University of Salford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012173754","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7992-466X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7992-466X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7992-466X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024922442","display_name":"Yongxin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-0706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-0706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongxin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-0706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011054158","display_name":"Hounan Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hounan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389643","display_name":"Luquan Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-8482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-8482","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-7176"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luquan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-8482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147410157","display_name":"Chunfang Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunfang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"3813","last_page":"3823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powered-knee-prosthesis","display_name":"powered knee prosthesis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voluntary-control","display_name":"volitional control","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-crossing","display_name":"obstacle crossing","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amputees","display_name":"amputees","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-adaptive-control","display_name":"self-adaptive control","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-cues","display_name":"mechanical cues","score":0.5609999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6208000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776462017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59744853","display_name":"Orthotics","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987467780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181802","display_name":"Artificial limbs","level":3,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019108329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751327","display_name":"Movement control","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778715743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181802","display_name":"Prosthesis","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000674","descriptor_name":"Amputees","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001186","descriptor_name":"Artificial Limbs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007720","descriptor_name":"Knee Prosthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011474","descriptor_name":"Prosthesis Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014836","descriptor_name":"Volition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98183460","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","issn_l":"1534-4320","issn":["1534-4320","1558-0210"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42611649","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42611649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7a4622f8ffc44621b5d150752e6c67ad","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7a4622f8ffc44621b5d150752e6c67ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, Vol 34, Pp 3813-3823 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2026.3724857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98183460","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","issn_l":"1534-4320","issn":["1534-4320","1558-0210"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6092361729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52405309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G732985629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"262102210190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336593","funder_display_name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336593","display_name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003365181","https://openalex.org/W2017249007","https://openalex.org/W2027311324","https://openalex.org/W2028945734","https://openalex.org/W2034076910","https://openalex.org/W2076829106","https://openalex.org/W2078457597","https://openalex.org/W2085253836","https://openalex.org/W2086679488","https://openalex.org/W2090771768","https://openalex.org/W2120212185","https://openalex.org/W2131838312","https://openalex.org/W2142114107","https://openalex.org/W2163254846","https://openalex.org/W2318847400","https://openalex.org/W2352725842","https://openalex.org/W2792994057","https://openalex.org/W2883939927","https://openalex.org/W2884830154","https://openalex.org/W2890566160","https://openalex.org/W2967143823","https://openalex.org/W3012175404","https://openalex.org/W3045470471","https://openalex.org/W3090048627","https://openalex.org/W3111887757","https://openalex.org/W3130807160","https://openalex.org/W3209419428","https://openalex.org/W4210650906","https://openalex.org/W4211003818","https://openalex.org/W4285102452","https://openalex.org/W4285288487","https://openalex.org/W4287887160","https://openalex.org/W4294770223","https://openalex.org/W4296093719","https://openalex.org/W4312939847","https://openalex.org/W4362672003","https://openalex.org/W4367043130","https://openalex.org/W4385580824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3045470471","https://openalex.org/W4412939565","https://openalex.org/W4389667316","https://openalex.org/W4389667586","https://openalex.org/W2008918951","https://openalex.org/W4221134828","https://openalex.org/W2792994057","https://openalex.org/W2063016156","https://openalex.org/W4414737908","https://openalex.org/W2900927154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Powered":[0],"knee":[1,11,97],"prosthesis":[2,31,42,66,119,126],"can":[3],"enhance":[4],"mobility":[5],"by":[6],"allowing":[7],"voluntary":[8],"control":[9,53],"of":[10],"flexion,":[12],"thereby":[13],"improving":[14],"foot":[15],"clearance":[16],"for":[17],"crossing":[18,27,116,123],"obstacle.":[19],"However,":[20],"prior":[21],"controllers":[22],"have":[23],"typically":[24],"focused":[25],"on":[26],"obstacle":[28,63,115,122,139],"with":[29,64,117,124],"the":[30,34,38,41,65,69,85,94,118,125],"serving":[32],"as":[33,68],"trailing":[35,72],"leg,":[36,73],"while":[37],"scenario":[39],"where":[40],"leads":[43],"has":[44],"been":[45],"overlooked.":[46],"This":[47,132],"paper":[48],"introduces":[49],"a":[50,143],"self-adaptive":[51],"volitional":[52,81],"method":[54],"utilizing":[55],"mechanical":[56],"signals,":[57],"enabling":[58],"amputee":[59],"to":[60,105,137],"cross":[61,138],"an":[62],"either":[67],"leading":[70],"or":[71],"and":[74,92,128,141],"even":[75],"negotiate":[76],"multiple":[77],"continuous":[78],"obstacles.":[79],"In":[80],"controller,":[82],"we":[83],"partition":[84],"swing":[86],"flexion":[87],"phase":[88],"into":[89],"four":[90],"conditions":[91],"calculate":[93],"desired":[95],"maximum":[96],"angle":[98],"in":[99,107],"real-time":[100],"accordingly.":[101],"We":[102],"recruited":[103],"amputees":[104,135],"participate":[106],"experiments,":[108],"which":[109],"included":[110],"three":[111],"distinct":[112],"tasks:":[113],"single":[114,121],"leading,":[120],"trailing,":[127],"dual":[129],"obstacles":[130],"crossing.":[131],"work":[133],"offers":[134],"capability":[136],"freely":[140],"naturally,":[142],"functionality":[144],"that":[145],"is":[146],"currently":[147],"unavailable.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-08-19T00:00:00"}