{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203640694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2026.083633","title":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts-Orchestrated Immune Remodeling as a Key Driver in Liver Cancer","display_name":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts-Orchestrated Immune Remodeling as a Key Driver in Liver Cancer","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203640694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2026.083633","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42985384","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13732388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/or.2026.083633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2026.083633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2026.083633","pdf_url":"https://www.techscience.com/or/online/detail/27964/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146643948","display_name":"Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics","issn_l":"0965-0407","issn":["0965-0407","1555-3906"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969325","host_organization_name":"Cognizant Communication Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cognizant Communication Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.techscience.com/or/online/detail/27964/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160142729","display_name":"Nunzia Porro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nunzia Porro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086058111","display_name":"Silvia Marri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-8786","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-8786"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Marri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Research and New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Research and New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019141029","display_name":"Francesca Salani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-8634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-8634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Salani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Research and New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Research and New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076657757","display_name":"Fabio Marra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-0878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-0878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Marra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085916135","display_name":"Laura Gragnani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6800-9149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6800-9149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura Gragnani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Research and New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Research and New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071125084","display_name":"Alessandra Gentilini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7692-390X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7692-390X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Gentilini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071125084","https://openalex.org/A5085916135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504","https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"11","first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.4779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.4779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10966","display_name":"Liver physiology and pathology","score":0.2207999974489212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.12229999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-associated-fibroblasts","display_name":"cancer-associated fibroblasts","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cancer","display_name":"liver cancer","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"hepatocellular carcinoma","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma","display_name":"intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-immune-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor immune microenvironment","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-remodeling","display_name":"immune remodeling","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caf-heterogeneity","display_name":"CAF heterogeneity","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-t-cells","display_name":"regulatory T cells","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myeloid-derived-suppressor-cells","display_name":"myeloid-derived suppressor cells","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-associated-macrophages","display_name":"tumor-associated macrophages","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix","display_name":"extracellular matrix","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caf-targeted-therapy","display_name":"CAF-targeted therapy","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy-resistance","display_name":"immunotherapy resistance","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stromal-immune-interactions","display_name":"stromal-immune interactions","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.8008999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16930146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4381253","display_name":"Stromal cell","level":2,"score":0.6485999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.6434999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909706936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42417562","display_name":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts","level":4,"score":0.6064000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189165786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193825","display_name":"Extracellular matrix","level":2,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779256057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16909647","display_name":"Tumor progression","level":3,"score":0.42829999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77255625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402093","display_name":"Reprogramming","level":3,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776231280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623031","display_name":"Liver cancer","level":3,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176891718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997459","display_name":"Hepatic stellate cell","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55721878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15220362","display_name":"Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cell","level":4,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21686041","display_name":"Immune checkpoint","level":4,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780394083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539568","display_name":"Angiogenesis","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072645","descriptor_name":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072645","descriptor_name":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072645","descriptor_name":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018281","descriptor_name":"Cholangiocarcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018281","descriptor_name":"Cholangiocarcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059016","descriptor_name":"Tumor Microenvironment","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32604/or.2026.083633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2026.083633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2026.083633","pdf_url":"https://www.techscience.com/or/online/detail/27964/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146643948","display_name":"Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics","issn_l":"0965-0407","issn":["0965-0407","1555-3906"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969325","host_organization_name":"Cognizant Communication Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cognizant Communication Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13732388","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732388/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732388/pdf/OncolRes-34-83633.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncol Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42985384","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42985384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/or.2026.083633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2026.083633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2026.083633","pdf_url":"https://www.techscience.com/or/online/detail/27964/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146643948","display_name":"Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics","issn_l":"0965-0407","issn":["0965-0407","1555-3906"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969325","host_organization_name":"Cognizant Communication Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cognizant Communication Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1016895160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNRR-M4C2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1033601615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE00000019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5924588071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CUP I53C22001440006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324499","funder_display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Pisa"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G721431099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CUP I53C22001440006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324499","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7311471023","display_name":"NextGenerationEU","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203640694.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203640694.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407761849","https://openalex.org/W4318014818","https://openalex.org/W4321097827","https://openalex.org/W4360618134","https://openalex.org/W4291813707","https://openalex.org/W4409105980","https://openalex.org/W7170874032","https://openalex.org/W4388298847","https://openalex.org/W7211885135","https://openalex.org/W4412957498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hepatocellular":[0],"carcinoma":[1],"(HCC)":[2],"and":[3,22,40,65,71,95,108,123,129,138,160,178,191,202,208,213],"intrahepatic":[4],"cholangiocarcinoma":[5],"(iCCA)":[6],"develop":[7],"within":[8],"a":[9],"highly":[10],"immunosuppressive":[11,113,185],"tumor":[12,38,84,189],"microenvironment":[13,86,186],"(TME)":[14],"characterized":[15],"by":[16],"chronic":[17],"inflammation,":[18],"extensive":[19],"stromal":[20,27],"remodeling,":[21],"impaired":[23],"antitumor":[24,200],"immunity.":[25],"Among":[26],"components,":[28],"cancer-associated":[29],"fibroblasts":[30],"(CAFs)":[31],"have":[32,133,149],"emerged":[33],"as":[34],"key":[35],"regulators":[36],"of":[37,48,82,90,112,172,183,206],"progression":[39,70,190],"immune":[41,50,85,102,173],"homeostasis.":[42],"This":[43],"review":[44],"provides":[45],"an":[46,184],"overview":[47],"CAF-mediated":[49],"remodeling":[51,174],"in":[52,127,175,211],"primary":[53],"liver":[54,176],"cancers,":[55],"with":[56,143],"particular":[57],"emphasis":[58],"on":[59,68],"CAF":[60,136,141,165],"heterogeneity,":[61],"CAF-immune":[62],"cell":[63,114],"interactions,":[64],"their":[66],"impact":[67],"disease":[69],"therapeutic":[72,152,192],"response.":[73],"Increasing":[74],"evidence":[75],"indicates":[76],"that":[77,187],"CAFs":[78,168],"orchestrate":[79],"multiple":[80],"aspects":[81],"the":[83,88,110,181,204],"through":[87],"secretion":[89],"cytokines,":[91],"chemokines,":[92],"growth":[93],"factors,":[94],"extracellular":[96,157],"matrix":[97,158],"components.":[98],"These":[99,147],"signals":[100],"promote":[101],"exclusion,":[103],"suppress":[104],"cytotoxic":[105],"T-cell":[106],"activity,":[107],"favor":[109],"accumulation":[111],"populations,":[115],"including":[116,154],"regulatory":[117],"T":[118],"cells,":[119,122],"myeloid-derived":[120],"suppressor":[121],"tumor-associated":[124],"macrophages.":[125],"Advances":[126],"single-cell":[128],"spatial":[130],"transcriptomic":[131],"technologies":[132],"revealed":[134],"substantial":[135],"heterogeneity":[137],"identified":[139],"distinct":[140],"subsets":[142],"specialized":[144],"immunomodulatory":[145],"functions.":[146],"findings":[148],"uncovered":[150],"novel":[151],"opportunities,":[153],"CAF-targeted":[155],"approaches,":[156],"normalization,":[159],"strategies":[161],"aimed":[162],"at":[163],"reprogramming":[164],"plasticity.":[166],"Overall,":[167],"are":[169],"central":[170],"orchestrators":[171],"cancer":[177],"contribute":[179],"to":[180],"establishment":[182],"supports":[188],"resistance.":[193],"Targeting":[194],"CAF-driven":[195],"stromal-immune":[196],"interactions":[197],"may":[198],"enhance":[199],"immunity":[201],"improve":[203],"efficacy":[205],"current":[207],"emerging":[209],"immunotherapies":[210],"HCC":[212],"iCCA.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-18T00:00:00"}