{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203638439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag046","title":"Distinct immunomodulatory effects of synthetic progestins compared with natural progesterone in human immune cells","display_name":"Distinct immunomodulatory effects of synthetic progestins compared with natural progesterone in human immune cells","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203638439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag046","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42607301","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13480475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/immhor/vlag046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228433","display_name":"ImmunoHorizons","issn_l":"2573-7732","issn":["2573-7732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ImmunoHorizons","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag046","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147317035","display_name":"Apurva J Patel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apurva J Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147323084","display_name":"Ankur N Karandikar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankur N Karandikar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,","University of Florida Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, , Gainesville, FL,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, , Gainesville, FL,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067027468","display_name":"Aracely Miron-Ocampo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aracely Miron-Ocampo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052637260","display_name":"Nitin J. Karandikar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-6950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-6950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitin J Karandikar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005548506","display_name":"Ashutosh Kumar Mangalam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9926-2531","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9926-2531"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashutosh K Mangalam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,","Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9926-2531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005548506"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1700},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1700},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59709394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10756","display_name":"Estrogen and related hormone effects","score":0.5268999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10756","display_name":"Estrogen and related hormone effects","score":0.5268999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.25949999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12421","display_name":"Adrenal Hormones and Disorders","score":0.05530000105500221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-progestogens","display_name":"synthetic progestins","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-progesterone","display_name":"natural progesterone","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells","display_name":"peripheral blood mononuclear cells","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-10","display_name":"IL-10","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th1-th2-differentiation","display_name":"Th1/Th2 differentiation","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd14-monocytes","display_name":"CD14+ monocytes","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steroid-receptor-expression","display_name":"steroid receptor expression","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donor-age","display_name":"donor age","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norethisterone","display_name":"norethisterone","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-helper-cell-polarization","display_name":"T helper cell polarization","score":0.6439999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.6657000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5805000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553184892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141429","display_name":"Flow cytometry","level":2,"score":0.5723000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137061746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736033","display_name":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cell","level":3,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778170410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506253","display_name":"Dendritic cell","level":3,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777702733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356761","display_name":"Immune tolerance","level":3,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776607906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50383885","display_name":"Progestin","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107244","display_name":"Monocyte","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002454","descriptor_name":"Cell Differentiation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007963","descriptor_name":"Leukocytes, Mononuclear","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007963","descriptor_name":"Leukocytes, Mononuclear","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011372","descriptor_name":"Progestins","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011374","descriptor_name":"Progesterone","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015850","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-6","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016753","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-10","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018417","descriptor_name":"Th1 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018417","descriptor_name":"Th1 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018418","descriptor_name":"Th2 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018418","descriptor_name":"Th2 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045167","descriptor_name":"Progesterone Congeners","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/immhor/vlag046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228433","display_name":"ImmunoHorizons","issn_l":"2573-7732","issn":["2573-7732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ImmunoHorizons","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42607301","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42607301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ImmunoHorizons","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13480475","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13480475/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunohorizons","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/immhor/vlag046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228433","display_name":"ImmunoHorizons","issn_l":"2573-7732","issn":["2573-7732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ImmunoHorizons","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162054572","https://openalex.org/W1519441922","https://openalex.org/W1576984763","https://openalex.org/W1943296744","https://openalex.org/W1951353479","https://openalex.org/W1963741468","https://openalex.org/W1967553745","https://openalex.org/W1981374387","https://openalex.org/W1984539713","https://openalex.org/W1990594056","https://openalex.org/W2015010038","https://openalex.org/W2018464367","https://openalex.org/W2025234562","https://openalex.org/W2030555662","https://openalex.org/W2034341467","https://openalex.org/W2037043326","https://openalex.org/W2038099088","https://openalex.org/W2069327573","https://openalex.org/W2083859186","https://openalex.org/W2092617134","https://openalex.org/W2093575507","https://openalex.org/W2094220317","https://openalex.org/W2104231345","https://openalex.org/W2106222929","https://openalex.org/W2106247702","https://openalex.org/W2112384134","https://openalex.org/W2113399583","https://openalex.org/W2114570899","https://openalex.org/W2121709253","https://openalex.org/W2122706104","https://openalex.org/W2129261650","https://openalex.org/W2139710410","https://openalex.org/W2143451223","https://openalex.org/W2146770513","https://openalex.org/W2147556011","https://openalex.org/W2147930003","https://openalex.org/W2162957019","https://openalex.org/W2163584559","https://openalex.org/W2165782596","https://openalex.org/W2293865122","https://openalex.org/W2593975322","https://openalex.org/W2596585859","https://openalex.org/W2605897822","https://openalex.org/W2771968994","https://openalex.org/W2782051442","https://openalex.org/W2810339461","https://openalex.org/W2867129155","https://openalex.org/W2898140699","https://openalex.org/W2927738887","https://openalex.org/W2936183454","https://openalex.org/W3036056492","https://openalex.org/W3045805704","https://openalex.org/W3046287740","https://openalex.org/W3047966497","https://openalex.org/W3093903930","https://openalex.org/W3094514117","https://openalex.org/W3096870018","https://openalex.org/W3161380628","https://openalex.org/W4200472650","https://openalex.org/W4280536332","https://openalex.org/W4286008080","https://openalex.org/W4378468818","https://openalex.org/W4380629505","https://openalex.org/W4385780011","https://openalex.org/W4385997559","https://openalex.org/W4386697959","https://openalex.org/W4386841735","https://openalex.org/W4393385990","https://openalex.org/W4401298540","https://openalex.org/W4415008786","https://openalex.org/W4415989654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2913625334","https://openalex.org/W4378468818","https://openalex.org/W2157408971","https://openalex.org/W1519441922","https://openalex.org/W4206472328","https://openalex.org/W2101275242","https://openalex.org/W4296102288","https://openalex.org/W2140837698","https://openalex.org/W1951353479","https://openalex.org/W2002880149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Progesterone":[0],"exerts":[1],"important":[2],"immunomodulatory":[3],"functions,":[4],"yet":[5],"the":[6,72,101,166],"immune":[7,35,208,220],"effects":[8,118],"of":[9,55,83,104,151,170],"structurally":[10],"diverse":[11],"synthetic":[12,61,188,201],"progestins":[13,33,62,189,202],"remain":[14],"incompletely":[15],"defined.":[16],"Given":[17],"their":[18],"variable":[19],"receptor-binding":[20],"profiles":[21],"and":[22,59,74,81,182,206,213],"links":[23],"to":[24,51,99,116,191],"altered":[25],"inflammatory":[26,105],"outcomes,":[27],"we":[28],"examined":[29],"how":[30],"commonly":[31],"used":[32,98],"regulate":[34,204],"signaling":[36],"in":[37],"primary":[38],"human":[39],"cells.":[40],"Peripheral":[41],"blood":[42],"mononuclear":[43],"cells":[44],"from":[45],"healthy":[46],"female":[47],"donors":[48],"were":[49,68],"exposed":[50],"physiologically":[52,156],"relevant":[53,157],"concentrations":[54],"natural":[56],"progesterone":[57],"(P4)":[58],"representative":[60],"spanning":[63],"multiple":[64,152],"generations.":[65],"Cytokine":[66],"responses":[67,209,216],"quantified":[69],"at":[70,155],"both":[71],"protein":[73],"transcript":[75],"levels.":[76],"Baseline":[77],"steroid":[78],"receptor":[79],"expression":[80,147],"age":[82],"donor":[84],"was":[85,97,114],"correlated":[86],"with":[87,94,143,211],"cytokine":[88,106,129],"output.":[89],"High-dimensional":[90,159],"flow":[91,160],"cytometry":[92,161],"coupled":[93],"unsupervised":[95],"clustering":[96],"define":[100],"cellular":[102,168],"sources":[103],"production.":[107],"In":[108,175],"parallel,":[109],"na\u00efve":[110],"CD4+":[111],"T-cell":[112],"differentiation":[113,181],"performed":[115],"determine":[117],"on":[119],"T":[120],"helper":[121],"(Th)":[122],"cell":[123],"polarization.":[124],"Only":[125],"P4":[126,177,212],"induced":[127,137],"immunoregulatory":[128,194],"IL-10,":[130],"whereas":[131,187],"all":[132],"progestins,":[133],"except":[134],"first-generation":[135],"norethindrone,":[136],"markedly":[138],"higher":[139],"IL-6":[140,171],"production":[141],"compared":[142,210],"media":[144],"control.":[145],"Gene":[146],"analysis":[148],"confirmed":[149],"induction":[150],"proinflammatory":[153,215],"genes":[154],"concentrations.":[158],"identified":[162],"CD14+":[163],"monocytes":[164],"as":[165],"dominant":[167],"source":[169],"following":[172],"progestin":[173],"exposure.":[174],"contrast,":[176],"selectively":[178],"suppressed":[179],"Th1":[180],"promoted":[183],"Th2":[184],"lineage":[185],"commitment,":[186],"failed":[190],"reproduce":[192],"these":[193,197],"effects.":[195],"Together,":[196],"findings":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"that":[200,217],"differentially":[203],"innate":[205],"adaptive":[207],"promote":[214],"may":[218],"influence":[219],"homeostasis.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-08-18T00:00:00"}