{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203636733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","title":"Impact of Blood Donation Frequency on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Donors","display_name":"Impact of Blood Donation Frequency on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Donors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203636733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605499","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13478795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/ghe3/6687660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213030","display_name":"Global Health","issn_l":"2054-4200","issn":["2054-4200"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023510024","display_name":"Collince Odiwuor Ogolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6176-8935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6176-8935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195610458","display_name":"Maseno University","ror":"https://ror.org/023pskh72","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Collince Odiwuor Ogolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Maseno University, P. O. Box 3275, Maseno 40100, Kenya, maseno.ac.ke"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6176-8935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Maseno University, P. O. Box 3275, Maseno 40100, Kenya, maseno.ac.ke","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052784054","display_name":"Bernard Guyah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-9996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-9996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195610458","display_name":"Maseno University","ror":"https://ror.org/023pskh72","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Guyah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Maseno University, P. O. Box 3275, Maseno 40100, Kenya, maseno.ac.ke"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Maseno University, P. O. Box 3275, Maseno 40100, Kenya, maseno.ac.ke","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041252244","display_name":"Apollo Odhiambo Maima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9135-3930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9135-3930"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195610458","display_name":"Maseno University","ror":"https://ror.org/023pskh72","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apollo O. Maima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Maseno University, P. O. Box 3275, Maseno 40100, Kenya, maseno.ac.ke"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9135-3930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Maseno University, P. O. Box 3275, Maseno 40100, Kenya, maseno.ac.ke","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023510024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53378633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":"e6687660","last_page":"e6687660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12735","display_name":"Blood donation and transfusion practices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12735","display_name":"Blood donation and transfusion practices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10693","display_name":"Blood transfusion and management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11120","display_name":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-donation-frequency","display_name":"blood donation frequency","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voluntary-blood-donors","display_name":"voluntary blood donors","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercholesterolemia","display_name":"hypercholesterolemia","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-blood-glucose","display_name":"fasting blood glucose","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overweight-and-obesity","display_name":"overweight and obesity","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-stores","display_name":"iron stores","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9940000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9088000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6812999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.666100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993617979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53467","display_name":"Blood donor","level":2,"score":0.6488000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6115999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.572700023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5162000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775933685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124860","display_name":"Donation","level":2,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908668021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53467","display_name":"Blood donations","level":3,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992839490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927820","display_name":"Blood cholesterol","level":3,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139572402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927820","display_name":"Blood lipids","level":3,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779668873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693756","display_name":"Lower risk","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1621761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7997549","display_name":"Whole blood","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780485761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275157","display_name":"Blood sugar","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994423189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Total cholesterol","level":3,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000082742","descriptor_name":"Heart Disease Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000094345","descriptor_name":"Blood Donation","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001782","descriptor_name":"Blood Donors","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/ghe3/6687660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213030","display_name":"Global Health","issn_l":"2054-4200","issn":["2054-4200"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42605499","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global health, epidemiology and genomics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13478795","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13478795/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Glob Health Epidemiol Genom","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/ghe3/6687660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ghe3/6687660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213030","display_name":"Global Health","issn_l":"2054-4200","issn":["2054-4200"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203636733.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203636733.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547774579","https://openalex.org/W2083007412","https://openalex.org/W2144168692","https://openalex.org/W2743444991","https://openalex.org/W2921545920","https://openalex.org/W4224468220","https://openalex.org/W4242024248","https://openalex.org/W4365484771","https://openalex.org/W4388523245","https://openalex.org/W4404673215","https://openalex.org/W4406934842","https://openalex.org/W4416135091","https://openalex.org/W4416735656","https://openalex.org/W4417448952","https://openalex.org/W7118142884","https://openalex.org/W7160694548","https://openalex.org/W7161638439","https://openalex.org/W7162449151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921545920","https://openalex.org/W2295192013","https://openalex.org/W4365484771","https://openalex.org/W2116073940","https://openalex.org/W7170173105","https://openalex.org/W7214826866","https://openalex.org/W2743444991","https://openalex.org/W7117454822","https://openalex.org/W2083007412","https://openalex.org/W4409804219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Regular":[1,112,154,187],"blood":[2,31,40,47,63,188],"donation":[3,32,189],"has":[4],"been":[5],"associated":[6,191],"with":[7,130,179,192],"lower":[8,115,157],"cardiovascular":[9,35,79,195],"risk":[10,36,80,196],"in":[11,200],"some":[12],"studies,":[13],"possibly":[14],"through":[15],"mechanisms":[16],"involving":[17],"reduced":[18],"iron":[19],"stores":[20],"and":[21,34,53,65,84,123,167],"oxidative":[22],"stress.":[23],"OBJECTIVE:":[24],"The":[25,43,138],"study":[26,45,139],"investigated":[27],"the":[28,78,91,144,177],"association":[29,178],"between":[30,143],"frequency":[33],"factors":[37],"among":[38,198],"voluntary":[39],"donors.":[41,55],"METHODS:":[42],"cross-sectional":[44],"examined":[46],"donors":[48,52,108,113,155,199],"classified":[49],"into":[50],"regular":[51],"occasional":[54],"Blood":[56],"pressure,":[57],"body":[58],"mass":[59],"index":[60],"(BMI),":[61],"fasting":[62,148],"glucose,":[64],"total":[66],"cholesterol":[67,169],"levels":[68,150],"were":[69,74,87],"measured.":[70],"Standard":[71],"clinical":[72],"criteria":[73],"used":[75],"to":[76,89,99,107,121,128],"determine":[77],"factors.":[81],"Independent":[82],"t-tests":[83],"chi-square":[85],"tests":[86],"analyzed":[88],"compare":[90],"two":[92],"groups.":[93],"Multivariate":[94],"logistic":[95],"regression":[96],"was":[97,190],"applied":[98],"control":[100],"for":[101],"possible":[102],"confounding":[103],"variables.":[104],"RESULTS:":[105],"compared":[106,120,127],"who":[109],"donated":[110],"occasionally.":[111],"showed":[114],"rates":[116],"of":[117,134,159],"hypertension,":[118],"22%":[119],"39%,":[122],"elevated":[124,168],"cholesterol,":[125],"21%":[126],"35%,":[129],"a":[131],"statistical":[132,184],"significance":[133],"p":[135],"=":[136,162,171],"0.04.":[137],"found":[140],"no":[141],"differences":[142],"groups":[145],"regarding":[146],"their":[147],"glucose":[149],"or":[151],"diabetes":[152],"rates.":[153],"had":[156],"odds":[158],"hypertension":[160],"(OR":[161,170],"0.52,":[163],"95%":[164,173],"CI:":[165,174],"0.30-0.89)":[166],"0.56,":[172],"0.33-0.95),":[175],"while":[176],"overweight/obesity":[180],"did":[181],"not":[182],"reach":[183],"significance.":[185],"CONCLUSION:":[186],"more":[193],"favorable":[194],"profiles":[197],"this":[201],"study.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-08-18T00:00:00"}
