{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203630481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","title":"Clinical characteristics and prognostic differences of children with acute bronchitis across different age groups","display_name":"Clinical characteristics and prognostic differences of children with acute bronchitis across different age groups","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203630481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676758","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13527008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112677035","display_name":"Yan Chao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0430-7423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0430-7423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284357","display_name":"Linquan County People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03d8kx660","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284357"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Linquan County People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Linquan County People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101653335","display_name":"Qiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-3093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-3093","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-749X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284357","display_name":"Linquan County People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03d8kx660","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284357"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linquan County People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linquan County People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284357"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147324056","display_name":"Jinliang Ya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284357","display_name":"Linquan County People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03d8kx660","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284357"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinliang Ya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Linquan County People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Linquan County People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284357"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112677035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284357"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1922135","last_page":"1922135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13770","display_name":"Pediatric health and respiratory diseases","score":0.12479999661445618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-bronchitis","display_name":"acute bronchitis","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-cough","display_name":"chronic cough","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-group","display_name":"age groups","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-age","display_name":"gestational age","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-smoking","display_name":"parental smoking","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anemia","display_name":"anemia","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-model","display_name":"prognostic model","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nomogram","display_name":"nomogram","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-blood-cell-count","display_name":"white blood cell count","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophils","display_name":"neutrophils","score":0.828000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9157999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34626388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721129","display_name":"Nomogram","level":2,"score":0.8108999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.7156999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992694001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173022","display_name":"Chronic bronchitis","level":2,"score":0.5892000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779993553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173022","display_name":"Bronchitis","level":2,"score":0.5447999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.4957999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144301174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7893852","display_name":"Univariate analysis","level":3,"score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778488018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42395","display_name":"White blood cell","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778248108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5445","display_name":"Anemia","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13527008","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13527008/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13527008/pdf/fmed-13-1922135.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Med (Lausanne)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42676758","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:399e0d1da3f54b78b86dda3e7a56d7df","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/399e0d1da3f54b78b86dda3e7a56d7df","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 13 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1922135/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203630481.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203630481.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1745459301","https://openalex.org/W1985130263","https://openalex.org/W2416499939","https://openalex.org/W2769963773","https://openalex.org/W2797004725","https://openalex.org/W3003610969","https://openalex.org/W3028432877","https://openalex.org/W3033639658","https://openalex.org/W3045121187","https://openalex.org/W3099748640","https://openalex.org/W3111556142","https://openalex.org/W3155354002","https://openalex.org/W3162447705","https://openalex.org/W3184612654","https://openalex.org/W3197460311","https://openalex.org/W3202397130","https://openalex.org/W4223598477","https://openalex.org/W4286002111","https://openalex.org/W4297328968","https://openalex.org/W4301029183","https://openalex.org/W4316687820","https://openalex.org/W4317358933","https://openalex.org/W4321004712","https://openalex.org/W4382502840","https://openalex.org/W4385397295","https://openalex.org/W4386212134","https://openalex.org/W4388656765","https://openalex.org/W4388806447","https://openalex.org/W4391542136","https://openalex.org/W4394824789","https://openalex.org/W4397022034","https://openalex.org/W4399459389","https://openalex.org/W4400532382","https://openalex.org/W4402400602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3200132674","https://openalex.org/W4390357836","https://openalex.org/W7161575026","https://openalex.org/W3093290905","https://openalex.org/W3012718394","https://openalex.org/W4200091139","https://openalex.org/W7219179692","https://openalex.org/W3045121187","https://openalex.org/W4322210643","https://openalex.org/W2359447084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,19,51],"analyze":[5],"the":[6,21,25,139,165,187,198],"clinical":[7,255],"characteristics":[8,256],"of":[9,27,36,141,164,189,248,259,291],"children":[10,38,58,115,190,260,287],"with":[11,191,237,245,261,276],"acute":[12,41,262,280],"bronchitis":[13,42,263],"in":[14,30,180,186],"different":[15],"age":[16,63,178,212],"groups":[17,179],"and":[18,69,72,112,128,145,155,182,185,195,227,257,271],"identify":[20,286],"risk":[22,290],"factors":[23],"for":[24,40],"development":[26],"chronic":[28,142,204,238,277,292],"cough":[29,278],"these":[31],"children.":[32],"Methods":[33],"Clinical":[34],"data":[35],"290":[37,199],"hospitalized":[39],"at":[43,288],"Linquan":[44],"County":[45],"People\u2019s":[46],"Hospital":[47],"from":[48],"August":[49],"2022":[50],"September":[52],"2024":[53],"were":[54,59,116,150,175,234,273],"retrospectively":[55],"collected.":[56],"The":[57,114,161,240,254,282],"categorized":[60],"into":[61,119],"three":[62],"groups:":[64],"<1":[65],"year,":[66],"\u22651":[67],"year":[68],"<3":[70],"years,":[71],"\u22653":[73],"years.":[74],"Data":[75],"collected":[76],"included":[77],"gender,":[78],"age,":[79,83,268],"home":[80],"address,":[81],"gestational":[82,211],"birth":[84],"weight,":[85],"parental":[86,220,269],"smoking":[87,221],"status,":[88],"symptoms":[89,258],"such":[90],"as":[91],"stuffy":[92,192],"nose,":[93,193],"sputum,":[94,194],"fever,":[95],"peak":[96],"temperature,":[97],"fever":[98],"duration,":[99,101],"hospitalization":[100],"anemia,":[102],"white":[103],"blood":[104],"cell":[105],"count":[106],"(WBC),":[107],"C-reactive":[108],"protein,":[109],"neutrophils":[110],"(Neu),":[111],"lymphocytes.":[113],"further":[117],"divided":[118],"a":[120,129,156],"good":[121,243],"prognosis":[122,131],"group":[123,132],"(":[124,133],"n":[125,134],"=":[126,135],"256)":[127],"poor":[130],"34)":[136],"based":[137],"on":[138,152],"presence":[140],"cough.":[143,205,239],"Univariate":[144],"multivariate":[146],"logistic":[147,208],"regression":[148,209],"analyzes":[149],"performed":[151],"all":[153],"variables,":[154],"nomogram":[157,241,283],"model":[158,166],"was":[159,167],"constructed.":[160],"predictive":[162],"ability":[163],"evaluated":[168],"using":[169],"ROC":[170],"curves.":[171],"Results":[172],"Significant":[173],"differences":[174],"observed":[176],"among":[177],"WBC":[181],"Neu":[183],"levels":[184],"proportions":[188],"fever.":[196],"Among":[197],"children,":[200],"34":[201],"(11.7%)":[202],"developed":[203],"In":[206],"multivariable":[207],"analysis,":[210],"(adjusted":[213],"OR":[214],"[aOR],":[215],"0.385;":[216],"95%":[217,224,231],"CI,":[218,225,232,251],"0.263\u20130.563),":[219],"(aOR,":[222,229],"2.479;":[223],"1.104\u20135.569),":[226],"anemia":[228,272],"4.734;":[230],"1.539\u201314.563)":[233],"independently":[235,274],"associated":[236,275],"showed":[242],"discrimination,":[244],"an":[246],"AUC":[247],"0.819":[249],"(95%":[250],"0.735\u20130.903).":[252],"Conclusion":[253],"differ":[264],"by":[265],"age.":[266],"Gestational":[267],"smoking,":[270],"following":[279],"bronchitis.":[281],"may":[284],"help":[285],"higher":[289],"cough,":[293],"although":[294],"external":[295],"validation":[296],"is":[297],"warranted.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-18T00:00:00"}