{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203626899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x261477642","title":"Human trafficking: How to fight a wicked problem with upstream disruptive policing strategies","display_name":"Human trafficking: How to fight a wicked problem with upstream disruptive policing strategies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203626899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x261477642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0032258x261477642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x261477642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x261477642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25389742","display_name":"The Police Journal Theory Practice and Principles","issn_l":"0032-258X","issn":["0032-258X","1740-5599"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006521069","display_name":"Jorn van Rij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-3358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-3358"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79741316","display_name":"University of Pecs","ror":"https://ror.org/037b5pv06","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79741316"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. J. M. (Jorn) van Rij","raw_affiliation_strings":["Committee (member), Serious Crimes Compensation Fund","Founder and Board (member), Reshape Foundation","National Portfolio Team on Immigration, Migration Crime and Human Trafficking, The Netherlands National Police","University of P\u00e9cs"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-3358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Committee (member), Serious Crimes Compensation Fund","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Founder and Board (member), Reshape Foundation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Portfolio Team on Immigration, Migration Crime and Human Trafficking, The Netherlands National Police","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of P\u00e9cs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79741316"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101840603","display_name":"Istv\u00e1n Szij\u00e1rt\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-7035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-7035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79741316","display_name":"University of Pecs","ror":"https://ror.org/037b5pv06","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79741316"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. (Istv\u00e1n) Szij\u00e1rt\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of P\u00e9cs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of P\u00e9cs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79741316"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009686370","display_name":"\u00c1goston Mohay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1166-2400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1166-2400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79741316","display_name":"University of Pecs","ror":"https://ror.org/037b5pv06","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79741316"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1. C. (\u00c1goston) Mohay","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of P\u00e9cs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of P\u00e9cs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79741316"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006521069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79741316"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11350","display_name":"Sex work and related issues","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11350","display_name":"Sex work and related issues","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-trafficking","display_name":"human trafficking","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wicked-problems","display_name":"wicked problems","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploitation","display_name":"exploitation","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-norms","display_name":"social norms","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"inequality","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-interventions","display_name":"multilevel interventions","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevention","display_name":"prevention","score":0.42899999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6836000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891260","display_name":"Wicked problem","level":2,"score":0.6352999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53001019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1920219","display_name":"Social issues","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984309518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181784","display_name":"Human trafficking","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5303302","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171078966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111029","display_name":"Root (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84945661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7366567","display_name":"Root cause","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779527642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108874","display_name":"Happening","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0032258x261477642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x261477642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x261477642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25389742","display_name":"The Police Journal Theory Practice and Principles","issn_l":"0032-258X","issn":["0032-258X","1740-5599"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90904495","https://openalex.org/W135423543","https://openalex.org/W179663797","https://openalex.org/W1038055200","https://openalex.org/W1534327318","https://openalex.org/W1886723030","https://openalex.org/W1976759885","https://openalex.org/W1982314703","https://openalex.org/W2010793828","https://openalex.org/W2026328911","https://openalex.org/W2037621702","https://openalex.org/W2045486369","https://openalex.org/W2050771246","https://openalex.org/W2056611729","https://openalex.org/W2061165131","https://openalex.org/W2065255463","https://openalex.org/W2075264086","https://openalex.org/W2083177581","https://openalex.org/W2114327584","https://openalex.org/W2123992955","https://openalex.org/W2130387153","https://openalex.org/W2134904490","https://openalex.org/W2157536550","https://openalex.org/W2168979397","https://openalex.org/W2311424769","https://openalex.org/W2343349824","https://openalex.org/W2504101423","https://openalex.org/W2559454126","https://openalex.org/W2769727195","https://openalex.org/W2791059564","https://openalex.org/W2898853379","https://openalex.org/W2899205351","https://openalex.org/W2924827335","https://openalex.org/W2956327215","https://openalex.org/W3007624728","https://openalex.org/W3038434956","https://openalex.org/W3039242239","https://openalex.org/W3047849974","https://openalex.org/W3125100183","https://openalex.org/W3208273207","https://openalex.org/W4210829991","https://openalex.org/W4211192102","https://openalex.org/W4236773307","https://openalex.org/W4236965084","https://openalex.org/W4239563581","https://openalex.org/W4245263683","https://openalex.org/W4249083366","https://openalex.org/W4249312336","https://openalex.org/W4252014798","https://openalex.org/W4252633962","https://openalex.org/W4256386307","https://openalex.org/W4295935503","https://openalex.org/W4296094636","https://openalex.org/W4309896578","https://openalex.org/W4387408062","https://openalex.org/W4400867158","https://openalex.org/W4411501246","https://openalex.org/W4415577679","https://openalex.org/W6908602621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6959085592","https://openalex.org/W4240719016","https://openalex.org/W2786567554","https://openalex.org/W2780042244","https://openalex.org/W7029112195","https://openalex.org/W2898658391","https://openalex.org/W7126340778","https://openalex.org/W7089432807","https://openalex.org/W4388137041","https://openalex.org/W2305947389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,66,103],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,14,47,59,65,68,81,126,139],"topic":[4],"of":[5,16,62,72,92,97,108],"human":[6,63],"trafficking":[7],"as":[8,20,26,28],"a":[9,21],"wicked":[10],"problem":[11],"and":[12,23,38,43,74,86,100,105,115,133,147],"examines":[13,67],"options":[15],"applying":[17],"upstream":[18,52],"disruption":[19,53],"new":[22],"victim-centred":[24],"approach,":[25],"well":[27],"an":[29,95],"effective":[30],"way":[31],"to":[32,49,118,128,142],"fight":[33],"exploitation.":[34,93],"The":[35,122],"root":[36],"causes":[37],"societal":[39],"factors":[40,140],"are":[41],"discussed,":[42],"it":[44],"argues":[45],"for":[46,76],"need":[48,127],"focus":[50],"on":[51,125],"strategies.":[54],"Rather":[55],"than":[56],"merely":[57],"addressing":[58],"immediate":[60],"consequences":[61],"trafficking,":[64],"differences":[69],"between":[70],"types":[71],"exploitation":[73,143],"advocates":[75],"preventative":[77],"measures":[78],"that":[79,88,111,137],"target":[80],"systemic":[82],"structures,":[83],"social":[84],"norms,":[85],"inequalities":[87],"foster":[89],"each":[90],"type":[91],"Through":[94],"analysis":[96],"existing":[98],"frameworks":[99],"policies,":[101],"this":[102],"proposes":[104],"provides":[106],"examples":[107],"multi-level":[109],"interventions":[110,132],"engage":[112],"community,":[113],"legal,":[114],"educational":[116],"systems":[117],"create":[119],"sustainable":[120],"solutions.":[121],"argument":[123],"builds":[124],"go":[129],"beyond":[130],"reactive":[131],"emphasises":[134],"long-term":[135],"solutions":[136],"address":[138],"contributing":[141],"at":[144],"both":[145],"local":[146],"global":[148],"levels.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-18T00:00:00"}
