{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203626192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","title":"Laws and regulations for the protection of older consumers in digital commerce in a developing country","display_name":"Laws and regulations for the protection of older consumers in digital commerce in a developing country","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203626192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222027","display_name":"Corporate Law & Governance Review","issn_l":"2664-1542","issn":["2664-1542","2707-1111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Corporate Law &amp; Governance Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133247331","display_name":"Rosatorn Toobunterng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0946-8395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0946-8395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89226531","display_name":"Rangsit University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cqcrc47","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89226531"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosatorn Toobunterng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rangsit University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0946-8395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rangsit University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89226531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115614597","display_name":"Nithima Yuenyong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2897-775X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2897-775X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131658906","display_name":"Pathumthani University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vxqfe68","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131658906"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nithima Yuenyong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathumthani University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2897-775X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathumthani University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131658906"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3, special issue","first_page":"204","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12374","display_name":"European and International Contract Law","score":0.28859999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12374","display_name":"European and International Contract Law","score":0.28859999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11977","display_name":"Technology Use by Older Adults","score":0.2833999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13191","display_name":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","score":0.17710000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-consumers","display_name":"older consumers","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-commerce","display_name":"e-commerce","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-protection-law","display_name":"consumer protection law","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-shopping-behavior","display_name":"online shopping behavior","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baby-boomers","display_name":"baby boomers","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thailand","display_name":"Thailand","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraud","display_name":"fraud","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-violations","display_name":"privacy violations","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-remedies","display_name":"legal remedies","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-consumer-law","display_name":"comparative consumer law","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japan","display_name":"Japan","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/france","display_name":"France","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/australia","display_name":"Australia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-reform","display_name":"legal reform","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-economy","display_name":"digital economy","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging-society","display_name":"aging society","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776515129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306218","display_name":"Redress","level":2,"score":0.8472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7253000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780838233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836925","display_name":"Complaint","level":2,"score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.5928000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989499966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664183","display_name":"Consumer protection","level":2,"score":0.559499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160050368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132453","display_name":"Developed country","level":3,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78597825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484847","display_name":"E-commerce","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777151640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433177","display_name":"Legal risk","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20220385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3039961","display_name":"Consumer Bill of Rights","level":3,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203043789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138461","display_name":"Digital economy","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776545233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064858","display_name":"Desk","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301468","display_name":"Consumer behaviour","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222027","display_name":"Corporate Law & Governance Review","issn_l":"2664-1542","issn":["2664-1542","2707-1111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Corporate Law &amp; Governance Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv8i3sip2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222027","display_name":"Corporate Law & Governance Review","issn_l":"2664-1542","issn":["2664-1542","2707-1111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Corporate Law &amp; Governance Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574235309","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W2168569455","https://openalex.org/W2267406658","https://openalex.org/W2572325343","https://openalex.org/W2599582659","https://openalex.org/W2735528764","https://openalex.org/W2775911340","https://openalex.org/W2791973677","https://openalex.org/W2887608751","https://openalex.org/W2898771529","https://openalex.org/W2901486880","https://openalex.org/W2905830491","https://openalex.org/W2912821045","https://openalex.org/W2932892917","https://openalex.org/W2933719767","https://openalex.org/W3088399774","https://openalex.org/W3161941038","https://openalex.org/W3182706339","https://openalex.org/W4200253262","https://openalex.org/W4200540631","https://openalex.org/W4206061592","https://openalex.org/W4220884042","https://openalex.org/W4225127923","https://openalex.org/W4281609002","https://openalex.org/W4285082243","https://openalex.org/W4308972083","https://openalex.org/W4319320021","https://openalex.org/W4381856021","https://openalex.org/W4388654695","https://openalex.org/W4390988396","https://openalex.org/W4393387785","https://openalex.org/W6884751116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7202129475","https://openalex.org/W7220173089","https://openalex.org/W7134945257","https://openalex.org/W4407845216","https://openalex.org/W7216984856","https://openalex.org/W3158176546","https://openalex.org/W7162803706","https://openalex.org/W7215177656","https://openalex.org/W7219208707","https://openalex.org/W7219162003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111,161],"rapid":[1],"expansion":[2],"of":[3,21,72,85,102],"digital":[4,80,149,190],"commerce":[5],"has":[6],"increased":[7],"opportunities":[8],"for":[9,49,76,145,183],"consumers":[10,67,147],"while":[11],"exposing":[12],"older":[13,66,146],"adults":[14],"in":[15,79,106,148,157,188],"developing":[16],"countries":[17],"to":[18,28,180],"greater":[19],"risks":[20],"fraud,":[22],"privacy":[23],"violations,":[24],"and":[25,52,68,109,123,171,174,185],"unequal":[26],"access":[27],"legal":[29,74,100,139,166],"remedies.":[30],"As":[31],"Thailand":[32],"becomes":[33],"an":[34],"aging":[35],"society,":[36],"existing":[37],"consumer":[38,103],"protection":[39,104,144],"laws":[40],"may":[41],"no":[42],"longer":[43],"adequately":[44],"address":[45],"these":[46,158],"vulnerabilities":[47],"(Organisation":[48],"Economic":[50],"Co-operation":[51],"Development":[53],"[OECD],":[54],"2023).":[55],"This":[56],"study":[57,162],"examines":[58],"the":[59,70,153,189],"factors":[60],"influencing":[61],"online":[62,128],"purchasing":[63,129],"behavior":[64],"among":[65],"evaluates":[69],"adequacy":[71],"Thailand\u2019s":[73,138],"framework":[75,140],"protecting":[77],"them":[78],"commerce.":[81],"A":[82],"quantitative":[83],"survey":[84],"425":[86],"Thai":[87],"baby":[88],"boomers":[89],"was":[90],"analyzed":[91],"using":[92],"binary":[93],"logistic":[94],"regression,":[95],"complemented":[96],"by":[97],"a":[98],"comparative":[99],"analysis":[101],"frameworks":[105],"Japan,":[107],"France,":[108],"Australia.":[110],"results":[112],"indicate":[113],"that":[114,164],"education,":[115],"occupation,":[116],"monthly":[117],"income,":[118],"purchase":[119,136],"timing,":[120],"product":[121],"reliability,":[122],"distribution":[124],"channels":[125],"significantly":[126],"influence":[127],"decisions,":[130],"whereas":[131],"personnel":[132],"interactions":[133],"negatively":[134],"affect":[135],"behavior.":[137],"also":[141],"provides":[142],"insufficient":[143],"transactions":[150],"compared":[151],"with":[152],"specialized":[154],"mechanisms":[155,176],"adopted":[156],"three":[159],"countries.":[160],"concludes":[163],"targeted":[165],"reforms,":[167],"stronger":[168],"regulatory":[169],"oversight,":[170],"accessible":[172],"complaint":[173],"redress":[175],"are":[177],"needed,":[178],"contributing":[179],"policy":[181],"development":[182],"inclusive":[184],"equitable":[186],"participation":[187],"economy":[191],"(OECD,":[192],"2024).":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-18T00:00:00"}
