{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203617766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","title":"Association of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT 2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas with incident cancer in type 2 diabetes","display_name":"Association of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT 2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas with incident cancer in type 2 diabetes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203617766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42607727","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13717186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171311646","display_name":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","issn_l":"0168-8227","issn":["0168-8227","1872-8227"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115831173","display_name":"Stacey M. Sklepinski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3857-9445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3857-9445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stacey M. Sklepinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3857-9445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001943409","display_name":"Jeph S. Herrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-3622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-3622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeph Herrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208017, New Haven, CT 06520-8017, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-3622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208017, New Haven, CT 06520-8017, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066550174","display_name":"KAVYA SINDHU SWARNA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124242","display_name":"Optum (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0370sjj75","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kavya Sindhu Swarna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Optum Labs, 1 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Optum Labs, 1 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210124242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082350484","display_name":"Joshua J. Neumiller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-7402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-7402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170632171","display_name":"Washington State University Spokane","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs5h36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170632171","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua J. Neumiller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacotherapy, Washington State University, 412 East Spokane Falls Blvd., PBS 130, Spokane, WA 99202-2131, USA; Providence Medical Research Center, 105 W 8th Ave, Suite 250E, Spokane, WA 99204, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-7402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacotherapy, Washington State University, 412 East Spokane Falls Blvd., PBS 130, Spokane, WA 99202-2131, USA; Providence Medical Research Center, 105 W 8th Ave, Suite 250E, Spokane, WA 99204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170632171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023482091","display_name":"Rodolfo Javier Galindo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-3225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-3225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodolfo J. Galindo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL 33136, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-3225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL 33136, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061058170","display_name":"Guillermo E. Umpierrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-5026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-5026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillermo E. Umpierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-5026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031832642","display_name":"Joseph S. Ross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9218-3320","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9218-3320"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph S. Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208017, New Haven, CT 06520-8017, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9218-3320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208017, New Haven, CT 06520-8017, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029061501","display_name":"Yihong Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6841-7706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6841-7706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124242","display_name":"Optum (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0370sjj75","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihong Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Optum Labs, 1 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6841-7706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Optum Labs, 1 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210124242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033145217","display_name":"Eric C. Polley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5152-8740","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5152-8740"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric C. Polley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave MC2000, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave MC2000, Chicago, IL 60637, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015659211","display_name":"Mindy M. Mickelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3664-127X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3664-127X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mindy M. Mickelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3664-127X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001881870","display_name":"Rozalina G. McCoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2289-3183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2289-3183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124242","display_name":"Optum (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0370sjj75","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rozalina G. McCoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optum Labs, 1 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing, 6116 Executive Boulevard, North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. Electronic address: Rozalina.McCoy@som.umaryland.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2289-3183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optum Labs, 1 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing, 6116 Executive Boulevard, North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. Electronic address: Rozalina.McCoy@som.umaryland.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593","https://openalex.org/I4210124242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001881870"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593","https://openalex.org/I4210124242"],"apc_list":{"value":4410,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4410},"apc_paid":{"value":4410,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4410},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47624095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"239","issue":null,"first_page":"113503","last_page":"113503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.5609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.5609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.43309998512268066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10231","display_name":"Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glp-1-receptor-agonists","display_name":"GLP-1 receptor agonists","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sglt2-inhibitors","display_name":"SGLT2 inhibitors","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dpp-4-inhibitors","display_name":"DPP-4 inhibitors","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfonylureas","display_name":"sulfonylureas","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-risk","display_name":"cancer risk","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-related-cancer","display_name":"obesity-related cancer","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-lowering-medications","display_name":"glucose-lowering medications","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-safety","display_name":"drug safety","score":0.40799999237060547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9423999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.6654000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6541000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.6438000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5796999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156490143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412214","display_name":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-4","level":4,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185280430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14909910","display_name":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor","level":4,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779668873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693756","display_name":"Lower risk","level":3,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120195587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138790","display_name":"Absolute risk reduction","level":3,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019816032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575340","display_name":"Cancer treatment","level":3,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787017","display_name":"Cancer registry","level":3,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077203","descriptor_name":"Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077203","descriptor_name":"Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000092005","descriptor_name":"Insulin Secretagogues","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097789","descriptor_name":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013453","descriptor_name":"Sulfonylurea Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013453","descriptor_name":"Sulfonylurea Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054873","descriptor_name":"Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054873","descriptor_name":"Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171311646","display_name":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","issn_l":"0168-8227","issn":["0168-8227","1872-8227"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13717186","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13717186/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13717186/pdf/nihms-2216229.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42607727","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42607727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171311646","display_name":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","issn_l":"0168-8227","issn":["0168-8227","1872-8227"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5496337938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01FD005938","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332205","funder_display_name":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7168163869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01FD005938","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332744","funder_display_name":"Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7805031587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DB-2020C2-20306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","funder_display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8313649646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01FD005938","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8475715394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01FD005938","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000870616","display_name":"University of Maryland Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (OAIC)","funder_award_id":"P30AG028747","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000892717","display_name":"Center for Seniors Uniting Nationwide to Support Health, INtegrated care, and Economics (SUNSHINE)","funder_award_id":"P30AG097158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000906834","display_name":"Real-world utilization, effectiveness, and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists for alcohol use disorder","funder_award_id":"R01AA032254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306089","display_name":"American Diabetes Association","ror":"https://ror.org/04f6cgz95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306230","display_name":"American Heart Association","ror":"https://ror.org/013kjyp64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308380","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/014q65q44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309381","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315359","display_name":"Arnold Ventures","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316051","display_name":"Dexcom","ror":"https://ror.org/03ra42c27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","display_name":"Novo Nordisk","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332205","display_name":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services","ror":"https://ror.org/02g02rq35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332744","display_name":"Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzrsm59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203617766.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203617766.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966714873","https://openalex.org/W2004670370","https://openalex.org/W2048470090","https://openalex.org/W2163387675","https://openalex.org/W2176525090","https://openalex.org/W2264767503","https://openalex.org/W2298338128","https://openalex.org/W2510411424","https://openalex.org/W2586456738","https://openalex.org/W2605266049","https://openalex.org/W2900848270","https://openalex.org/W2969024986","https://openalex.org/W2990539453","https://openalex.org/W2993264924","https://openalex.org/W4226067036","https://openalex.org/W4233056867","https://openalex.org/W4306155893","https://openalex.org/W4308701204","https://openalex.org/W4310208860","https://openalex.org/W4322720228","https://openalex.org/W4361208366","https://openalex.org/W4389146314","https://openalex.org/W4389432356","https://openalex.org/W4392018825","https://openalex.org/W4393851103","https://openalex.org/W4398223220","https://openalex.org/W4400354928","https://openalex.org/W4402747868","https://openalex.org/W4405968664","https://openalex.org/W4406738540","https://openalex.org/W4412123423","https://openalex.org/W4417183453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411291442","https://openalex.org/W4413438440","https://openalex.org/W4411292298","https://openalex.org/W7162518722","https://openalex.org/W4411058924","https://openalex.org/W4414163713","https://openalex.org/W3032476293","https://openalex.org/W7171986181","https://openalex.org/W4410817780","https://openalex.org/W4383265906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIMS:":[0],"Limited":[1],"evidence":[2],"exists":[3],"regarding":[4],"cancer":[5,22,103,108,139,163],"risk":[6,23,70,136,185],"associated":[7,133],"with":[8,63,134,173],"non-metformin":[9],"glucose-lowering":[10],"medication":[11],"classes,":[12],"particularly":[13],"among":[14,61,197],"obesity-related":[15,180],"and":[16,56,67,74,127,153,195],"obesity-nonrelated":[17,171,187],"cancers.":[18,181],"METHODS:":[19],"We":[20],"compared":[21,141,164],"following":[24,189],"initiation":[25],"of":[26,91,114,137,162,186],"glucagon-like":[27],"peptide-1":[28],"receptor":[29],"agonists":[30],"(GLP-1RA),":[31],"sodium-glucose":[32],"cotransporter":[33],"2":[34,65],"inhibitors":[35,39],"(SGLT2i),":[36],"dipeptidyl":[37],"peptidase-4":[38],"(DPP4i),":[40],"or":[41],"sulfonylureas":[42,154],"by":[43,170],"emulating":[44],"a":[45],"target":[46],"trial":[47],"using":[48,82],"claims":[49],"data":[50],"from":[51],"Optum":[52],"Labs":[53],"Data":[54],"Warehouse":[55],"traditional":[57],"Medicare":[58],"(100%":[59],"sample)":[60],"adults":[62],"type":[64],"diabetes":[66],"moderate":[68],"cardiovascular":[69],"between":[71,176],"January":[72],"2014":[73],"December":[75],"2021.":[76],"Random":[77],"treatment":[78,92,115],"assignment":[79],"was":[80,100],"emulated":[81],"propensity":[83],"scores,":[84],"which":[85],"were":[86,132,168],"incorporated":[87],"as":[88],"inverse":[89,112],"probability":[90,113],"weights":[93],"into":[94],"proportional":[95],"hazard":[96],"models.":[97],"Primary":[98],"outcome":[99],"any":[101],"new":[102,138],"diagnosis;":[104],"we":[105],"secondarily":[106],"examined":[107],"subgroups.":[109],"RESULTS:":[110],"After":[111],"weighting,":[116],"41,123":[117],"patients":[118],"started":[119,122,125,129],"GLP-1RA,":[120],"54,423":[121],"SGLT2i,":[123],"73,803":[124],"DPP4i,":[126],"186,988":[128],"sulfonylureas.":[130],"GLP-1RA":[131,190],"higher":[135],"diagnosis":[140],"to":[142,165],"DPP4i":[143],"(HR":[144,149,155],"1.13,":[145],"95%CI":[146,151,157],"1.05-1.21).":[147],"SGLT2i":[148],"0.89,":[150],"0.82-0.96)":[152],"0.87,":[156],"0.81-0.92)":[158],"had":[159],"lower":[160],"risks":[161],"GLP-1RA.":[166],"Results":[167],"driven":[169],"cancers,":[172],"no":[174],"difference":[175],"study":[177],"drugs":[178],"for":[179],"CONCLUSIONS:":[182],"The":[183],"increased":[184],"cancers":[188],"therapy":[191],"warrants":[192],"further":[193],"investigation":[194],"caution":[196],"at-risk":[198],"individuals.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-18T00:00:00"}