{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203605007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621","title":"A Novel Compact Design of Multi-Band Frequency Selective Surface for 5G Applications using a CNN-GNN Hybrid Network Optimization","display_name":"A Novel Compact Design of Multi-Band Frequency Selective Surface for 5G Applications using a CNN-GNN Hybrid Network Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203605007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621","pdf_url":"https://or.niscpr.res.in/index.php/IJPAP/article/download/28621/6444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109349230","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics","issn_l":"0019-5596","issn":["0019-5596","0975-1041"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED PHYSICS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://or.niscpr.res.in/index.php/IJPAP/article/download/28621/6444","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128207005","display_name":"T. Jagadesh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133257","display_name":"KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02q9f3a53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Jagadesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641 407, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641 407, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035809866","display_name":"Satheeshkumar Palanisamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-4381","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-4381"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144614875","display_name":"Alliance University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f4gsr42","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144614875"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SatheeshKumar Palanisamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Alliance School of Applied Engineering, Alliance University,   Bengaluru 562 106, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Alliance School of Applied Engineering, Alliance University,   Bengaluru 562 106, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144614875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147368748","display_name":"N Sathishkumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Sathishkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology,   Coimbatore 641 008, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology,   Coimbatore 641 008, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007746563","display_name":"M Singaram","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I344636078","display_name":"Arni University","ror":"https://ror.org/02barjc38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I344636078"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Singaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University College of Engineering, Arni, 632 326 India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University College of Engineering, Arni, 632 326 India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I344636078"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044280798","display_name":"D. R. P. Rajarathnam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2257-1692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2257-1692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258486","display_name":"Paavai Engineering College","ror":"https://ror.org/00r7c6e04","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258486"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D R P Rajarathnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Paavai Engineering College, Namakkal 637 018, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Paavai Engineering College, Namakkal 637 018, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"8","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-selective-surface","display_name":"frequency selective surface","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5g","display_name":"5G","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compact-unit-cell","display_name":"compact unit cell","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angular-stability","display_name":"angular stability","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-stability","display_name":"polarization stability","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-polarization-suppression","display_name":"cross-polarization suppression","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-radiation-pattern","display_name":"directional radiation pattern","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter-wave","display_name":"millimeter wave","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-loss","display_name":"return loss","score":0.38499999046325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6632000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6057999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111145636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17165750","display_name":"Tunable metamaterials","level":3,"score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154582812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7447791","display_name":"Selective surface","level":2,"score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196901423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933836","display_name":"Return loss","level":3,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41700454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852282","display_name":"Reflection coefficient","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114563136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19725982","display_name":"Network planning and design","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621","pdf_url":"https://or.niscpr.res.in/index.php/IJPAP/article/download/28621/6444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109349230","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics","issn_l":"0019-5596","issn":["0019-5596","0975-1041"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED PHYSICS","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijpap.v64i8.28621","pdf_url":"https://or.niscpr.res.in/index.php/IJPAP/article/download/28621/6444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109349230","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics","issn_l":"0019-5596","issn":["0019-5596","0975-1041"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED PHYSICS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203605007.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203605007.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385486182","https://openalex.org/W4416214707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4327926355","https://openalex.org/W2956246485","https://openalex.org/W4391841819","https://openalex.org/W4405869382","https://openalex.org/W7206203263","https://openalex.org/W7137277692","https://openalex.org/W7203692049","https://openalex.org/W3202513243","https://openalex.org/W3036888818","https://openalex.org/W2765100739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,101],"this":[1,179],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,15,162,197,250,273],"new":[4],"compact":[5,107],"design":[6,104,227],"of":[7,54,111,161,174,178,184,199,225],"multi-band":[8,81,242],"Frequency":[9],"Selective":[10],"Surface":[11],"(FSS)":[12],"optimized":[13],"using":[14],"hybrid":[16,164,193],"Convolutional":[17],"Neural":[18,20],"Network-Graph":[19],"Network":[21],"(CNN-GNN)":[22],"framework":[23,166],"for":[24,91,115,253,284],"advanced":[25,279],"5G":[26,120,255,288],"communication":[27],"systems":[28,260],"is":[29,113,172,249],"proposed.":[30],"The":[31,128,159,192,232,264],"suggested":[32,233],"FSS":[33,78,129,170,234],"operates":[34],"in":[35,60,196,205,217,269],"five":[36],"different":[37],"frequency":[38,206],"bands,":[39],"i.e.,":[40],"4.0788":[41],"GHz,":[42,44,46],"17.080":[43],"21.559":[45],"27.928":[47],"GHz":[48,51,56,59],"and":[49,57,96,125,137,145,156,188,202,210,228,246,261,278,286],"29.870":[50],"with":[52,67,73,105,141,220,239],"bandwidths":[53],"2.686":[55],"1.849":[58],"important":[61,267],"bands.":[62],"Unlike":[63],"the":[64,76,103,106,118,123,169,175,182,223,226,236,270,282],"usual":[65],"designs":[66,209],"only":[68],"one":[69,173],"or":[70],"two":[71],"bands":[72],"limited":[74],"bandwidths,":[75],"proposed":[77],"provides":[79],"significant":[80],"capabilities":[82],"while":[83],"maintaining":[84],"excellent":[85],"angular":[86],"stability":[87,245],"up":[88],"to":[89,167,241],"80\u00b0":[90],"both":[92],"Transverse":[93,97],"Electric":[94],"(TE)":[95],"Magnetic":[98],"(TM)":[99],"polarizations.":[100],"addition,":[102],"unit":[108],"cell":[109],"size":[110],"0.0814\u03bb0\u00d70.0814\u03bb0":[112],"suitable":[114],"integration":[116],"into":[117],"contemporary":[119],"devices,":[121],"including":[122],"wearable":[124],"automotive":[126],"systems.":[127],"displays":[130],"effective":[131],"cross-polarization":[132],"suppression,":[133],"directional":[134],"radiation":[135],"patterns,":[136],"minimal":[138],"backward":[139],"interference,":[140],"enhanced":[142],"antenna":[143],"gain":[144],"dependable":[146],"signal":[147],"filtering":[148],"at":[149],"varied":[150],"incident":[151],"angles,":[152],"through":[153],"rigorous":[154],"simulation":[155],"experimental":[157],"validation.":[158],"implementation":[160],"CNNGNN":[163],"optimization":[165],"improve":[168],"shape":[171],"main":[176],"contributions":[177],"work,":[180],"combining":[181],"characteristics":[183],"localized":[185],"feature":[186],"extraction":[187],"global":[189],"dependency":[190],"modeling.":[191],"technique":[194],"results":[195,215],"decrease":[198],"return":[200],"loss":[201],"better":[203,211,251],"selectivity":[204],"than":[207],"traditional":[208],"performance":[212],"metrics.":[213],"Experimental":[214],"are":[216],"good":[218],"agreement":[219],"simulations,":[221],"confirming":[222],"robustness":[224],"its":[229],"practical":[230],"applicability.":[231],"surpasses":[235],"existing":[237],"solutions":[238],"respect":[240],"operation,":[243],"polarization":[244],"bandwidth.":[247],"It":[248],"choice":[252],"several":[254],"applications":[256],"such":[257],"as":[258],"MIMO":[259],"mmWave":[262],"technologies.":[263],"study":[265],"solves":[266],"gaps":[268],"state-of-the-art":[271],"via":[272],"compromise":[274],"between":[275],"compactness,":[276],"efficiency":[277],"optimization,":[280],"opening":[281],"way":[283],"scalable":[285],"high-performance":[287],"infrastructures.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-18T00:00:00"}
